Air Filtration Solutions for Airports

International airports that handle millions of passengers each year deal with major air quality issues from both outdoor and indoor sources. Aircraft are the main source of outdoor airport pollution. When planes land, taxi, or take off, they release gases, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fine particulate matter into the air. These exhaust plumes can drift into terminal air intakes or open doors, letting pollutants enter the building and harm airport indoor air quality.

READ: How Airports Are Using High Efficiency Filters to Lower Air Pollution

Ground support equipment, like fuel trucks and baggage tugs, adds to the mix while traffic around the airport, including cars, shuttles and buses, adds more emissions that can enter terminal entrances and ventilation systems. In crowded terminals, CO2 and VOC levels rise, sometimes exceeding recommended levels (>1000 ppm), which makes the air feel heavy and low in oxygen. 

All these factors combine into a complex air quality problem. Addressing it requires coordinated efforts to reduce emissions and improve ventilation. Effective airport pollution control is important not only for protecting health but also for maintaining operational efficiency and safeguarding your airport’s reputation.

This article examines air quality challenges faced by airports, exploring the costs to health and reputation, priority areas for improvement, and effective ventilation and airport air filtration strategies that create cleaner, healthier indoor environments. 

Why Airport Air Quality Presents Unique Challenges

The Perfect Storm of Outdoor Pollutants

Airport pollution comes from multiple sources:

• Jet exhaust: Aircraft engines emit nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), VOCs, particulate matter, as well as black carbon from incomplete combustion. 
• Ground support equipment: Diesel-powered airport vehicles contribute additional emissions.
• Surface traffic: Cars, buses and shuttles release CO2, NOx, VOCs and particulate matter around terminals
• Construction and expansion projects: Heavy machinery and construction activities generate dust and particulate matter.
• Passengers: High occupancy elevates CO2 and VOC levels indoors. 

The combination of these sources produces a dynamic air quality challenge. Elevated levels of particulate matter, black carbon, CO₂, and other gaseous pollutants affect both passenger comfort and staff health.

How Outdoor Air Sneaks Inside Terminal Buildings

Terminals rely on HVAC systems to bring in fresh air. If that air contains pollutants, it can worsen indoor air quality if proper airport air filtration is not in place. Fine and ultrafine particles (PM 1, PM2.5, black carbon) and gases such as NOx, CO and VOCs can bypass standard filters and accumulate indoors, especially in busy areas with limited ventilation

You might expect that increasing air exchange rates would improve airport indoor air quality by diluting pollutants. However, if the outdoor air is polluted, pumping more of it indoors can increase indoor pollutant concentrations. Dilution is not always enough to remove harmful outdoor particles unless the ventilation system has high-efficiency filters. 

Additionally, air pressure differences between the inside of your terminal and the surrounding outdoor environment can unintentionally pull polluted outdoor air into the building, further increasing indoor pollutant concentrations. 

To effectively manage air quality in airport terminals, you need to ensure high-efficiency filtration, careful control of air exchange rates and monitoring of pressure differences to minimize the impact of outdoor pollutants.

The Human Factor: Thousands of People, Constant Movement

As you move through the airport terminal, your presence and other passengers directly influence the airport’s indoor air quality. Changes in occupancy, ventilation effectiveness and pollutant sources all affect the air you breathe at different points in your journey. 

• Check-in/Bag drop: Here, you gather among other travelers for extended periods. Long waits and dense crowds elevate CO2 and VOC concentrations from human respiration.
• Security screening: In this crowded area, you often stand close to others and move slowly through checkpoints. These conditions increase CO2 concentrations and higher bioaerosol levels. 
• Departure lounges: As you sit or move intermittently while waiting for boarding, CO2 levels vary depending on how many passengers are nearby. Occupancy density determines whether air quality remains moderate or becomes poor.
• Baggage claim: When you arrive, you and other passengers cluster around carousels, creating localized zones of high occupancy and consequently elevated CO2 levels.
• Ground Transportation: As you leave the terminal, opened doors allow vehicle exhaust to seep indoors. 

What Poor Air Quality Actually Costs Airports

The Health Toll on Employees and Travelers

Your comfort and overall travel experience can decline when airport indoor air quality in the terminal is poor. Inadequate ventilation can lead to a buildup of CO2 and VOCs, causing fatigue, eye or throat irritations and general discomfort among passengers and airport staff. Even short-term exposure to elevated CO levels can make you feel dizzy or give you headaches.

If you have a pre-existing respiratory condition, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, you are particularly vulnerable to fine particulate matter (PM 1 and PM2.5) and NOx exposure, which can trigger breathing difficulties and airway inflammation. Studies show that airport workers and frequent travelers are exposed to higher levels of these harmful particles than the general population, raising their long-term risk of lung disease and heart problems. 

Workers stationed near taxiways, fuel stations and other high-emission areas frequently face long-term exposure to NO2 and SO2, which are linked to lung inflammation and long-term pulmonary damage. Elevated CO and NO2 concentrations may also reduce concentration and reaction times, potentially compromising safety-critical tasks. 

 Brand Reputation and Passenger Experience

Air quality is closely tied to airport brand reputation as it affects passenger comfort, health and the overall experience. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, clean air has become a major factor that sets airports apart. As you prioritize your health, safety and well-being more than ever, the freshness and cleanliness of the air serve as clear signs of how much an airport values your care. Failure to meet these expectations can damage your perceptions of an airport’s quality and reliability.

When you move through clean, well-ventilated spaces, your travel experience is higher. Airports that maintain high air quality standards receive higher ratings for comfort, cleanliness and experience. This, in turn, fosters passenger loyalty, as travelers are more likely to return or recommend airports that prioritize their health and comfort. 

Operational Expenses and Community Relations

Poor air quality in airports can increase operational costs in several ways:

• You face higher maintenance costs: When your airport HVAC systems are dirty, they require more frequent cleaning, filter changes and repairs to manage pollutants and maintain air circulation.
• You use more energy: Poor air circulation often forces your HVAC systems to work harder, raising electricity and fuel costs. Fans must work harder to push air through clogged filters, which can increase electricity consumption by up to 30 percent while fouled coils can increase total system energy use by 10–20 percent.
• You risk compliance penalties: If your airport fails to meet airport indoor air quality standards, you may face fines or regulatory actions that can become costly. 
• You shorten equipment lifespan: Dust, dirt and particulate buildup add strain to motors, compressors and other components of airport HVAC systems, forcing you to replace equipment sooner than expected.

Beyond operational costs, poor air quality can damage your airport’s reputation. It signals a lack of commitment to passenger health and safety, weakens community support and attracts negative media attention or scrutiny from regulatory agencies and advocacy groups. These factors can downgrade an airport’s reputation and compromise long-term brand loyalty.

Where Airports Need Air Filtration Most

You need to recognize that different areas of your airport require different levels of filtration. To maintain clean and healthy air, you must tailor airport air filtration systems to each area’s function, occupancy and exposure to pollutants. 

At check-in areas, where doors constantly open as passengers enter and exit, and where HVAC systems run nearly continuously, you should consider a minimum efficiency of MERV 13A if the system is capable of holding a filter at least 6 inches deep, but at least 12 inches are preferable. For systems capable of holding only 1, 2 or 4 inch deep filters, the minimum efficiency should be MERV 13/11A.  Filters of these efficiencies will capture a high enough percentage of fine particles to improve air quality inside the terminal. 

In security screening and custom zones with a high density of passengers and long waits and based upon the configuration of the HVAC systems, you should upgrade to filters rated MERV 14A-16A to maintain clean air and minimize transmission of airborne contaminants. 

At departure gates and boarding areas where passengers are often exposed to outdoor air from jet bridges and tarmacs, consider air filters with a combination of particulate filtration for PM1 and PM2.5 particles and with molecular filtration capabilities. These dual-purpose filters are ideal in these areas as they target both particles and the gaseous pollutants common in these areas.  Likewise, in lounges and food courts challenged with cooking emissions, odors and VOCs, these combinations of particulate and molecular filters can improve air quality. 

For baggage handling and maintenance,  the HVAC systems supplying air to these areas often dictate air filter selection. Where possible, MERV 13A or higher is a better choice, but size restrictions may limit filters to 1, 2 or 4 inch depths, and if so, MERV 13/11A pleated filters are recommended.  Finally, HVAC systems supplying air to ground transportation areas exposed to high concentrations of vehicle exhaust are ideal candidates for combination particulate and molecular air filters to capture fine particles, soot,  odors and gaseous pollutants. 

Staff Areas

In aircraft hangars where staff are exposed to jet exhaust and chemical vapors during aircraft servicing and fueling, it’s recommended you work with a local air filtration professional with molecular filtration experience. They can determine the ideal solutions based on the concentration of contaminants in the air. Dedicated molecular air filtration systems may be required, such as units with cylinders capable of holding larger quantities of carbon media. 

For back-of-house areas, including administrative offices and break rooms, you are mainly exposed to standard indoor pollutants such as dust, fiber, and biological contaminants. Here again, depending on the configuration of the HVAC systems, air filters with a minimum efficiency of MERV 13/11A up to MERV 16A will maintain a healthier workspace. 

Particulate Filtration: Stopping What You Can See (and What You Can’t)

Understanding Filter Efficiency Ratings for Airport Applications

At the heart of every HVAC  system is the filter that captures and removes particulate matter from the air. Choosing the correct filter is essential to effectively remove specific dust compositions from your environment. MERV ratings help you select the appropriate filter for your industrial dust collection system.

HEPA filters exceed MERV ratings with a minimum efficiency of 99.7 percent on airborne particles as small as 0.3 microns. You should consider using them to remove very fine submicron particulates and in systems capable of one or two stages of prefiltration to protect them and extend service life. 

Airports have diverse environments, from terminal lobbies to baggage handling areas and aircraft maintenance hangars, so your filtration needs vary widely. A MERV 13 air filter is typically used to control particles generated from combustion exhausts, construction, maintenance and the terminal occupants. 

MERV 11 to 13 filters are ideal for baggage handling and back-of-house areas with moderate particle levels from dust and equipment. Ground transportation zones are also best served with MERV 8 to 13 filters as well as activated carbon filters.

When selecting MERV-rated air filters for airport areas, it’s important to match the filter performance to the specific zone type, airborne contaminant levels, and occupancy. 

Camfil Solutions for Particulate Control

Airports expose you to a complex mix of contaminants, so you need a layered airport air filtration approach to maintain comfort, safety, and compliance with indoor air quality standards. Each Camfil filter type serves a distinct role at specific stages of your airport HVAC systems to ensure reliable air quality.

 Camfil’s AQ13: This is ideally suited for single-stage HVAC systems configured to hold filters of 1, 2 or 4 inch in depth. This filter is compliant with ASHRAE 241 with exceptional strength for long service life. 

Hi-Flo ES: Positioned as a standalone air filter or in the second stage of an air handling unit, the filter captures both large particles and submicron-sized particles. A deep-pleated design enhances dust-holding capacity. You can select units with MERV 11A to 15A for tailored efficiency and in depths ranging from 12 to 30 inches.

Durafil ES3 & Compac:  These high-efficiency final filters feature extended surface areas and V-bank designs for low resistance, long-service life and consistent performance. They excel at removing fine dust, soot and smoke generated by jet exhaust, ground vehicle emissions and heavy passenger activity. You’ll find these long-life filters are valuable in large airport HVAC systems where filter change-outs are difficult or costly.

Absolute VG: Where HEPA filtration is desired,  use these compact, very lightweight, box-type filters to remove ultrafine particles in ensuring a contaminant-free environment. They are ideal for sensitive areas such as control towers and security zones requiring cleanroom-level air quality.

Molecular Filtration: Addressing Gases and Odors

When Particulate Filters Aren’t Enough

Particle filters are not enough for you to capture gases, vapors or molecular-level contaminants such as ozone, NOx, VOCs and basic gases. You need molecular filtration, which targets molecules rather than particles, to remove unpleasant odors from food courts and restrooms and reduce exposure to chemical vapors generated from jet and ground vehicles. Using these filters helps you create cleaner, safer areas for passengers and staff, protects electronic equipment in control rooms and IT centers and ensures you meet IAQ and environmental regulations.

Activated carbon is the most common filter medium for molecular filtration because it has a large surface area and absorbs molecules from the air. You typically combine them with high-efficiency air filters to remove dust, pollen and particulate matter. 

Camfil’s Molecular Filtration Products

Camfil molecular filtration products are widely used in airport air filtration to capture a variety of particulate and gas contaminants. Key lines include:

Product Line	Description	Airport Use
CityPleat	Compact 2-in-1 panel filter combining particle and molecular filtration in one filter stage.	Designed for low concentration gas zones such as public lounges and offices and retrofit applications.
CityCarb	Combination V-bank air filter with MERV15 particulate and molecular media removes solid and gaseous contaminants in one filter stage. This compact filter is used in fresh air make-up systems to control external pollutants.	Terminal zones with moderate levels of gaseous contamination and the desire for a compact, integrated filter.
Cylinders	Cylindrical carbon filters offer heavy to medium filtration of VOCs, odors and exhaust gases.	Airport zones with high molecular pollutant loads such as near gates and baggage handling.
AirImage COR	Real-time monitoring system measures the corrosivity levels of the environment.	Helps airports track pollutant levels and optimize filter use.

Taking Action: What Airport Managers Should Do 

To understand the state of airport air quality, you should conduct an air quality audit to measure particulate matter, VOCs and other pollutants across terminals, lounges, gates and other areas. 

Next, you should review filter specifications and change-out schedules. Check the type, efficiency and placement of your HVAC filters and ensure that they are being replaced according to manufacturer recommendations to maintain peak performance. Monitoring pressure drops across filters to gain insight into system performance and filter loading to spot filters needing attention.

It’s best to engage an airport air filtration expert, such as Camfil, to specify the best solutions for optimizing both particulate and molecular purification in your airport environments. By treating air quality as an infrastructure asset instead of just maintenance, and using life-cycle modeling, monitoring and continuous improvement, you can shift from reactive maintenance to proactive health protection.

By prioritizing air quality, you position your airport as a community health asset. Clean, well-filtered air not only enhances the passenger experience but also protects everyone in your facility and strengthens your airport’s reputation as a leader in public health and safety.

Contact us to learn more about our full range of solutions tailored for airport air filtration solutions to help you control particulate and molecular pollutants.

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Camfil Launches AQ13 Panel Filter: ASHRAE 241-Compliant Solution for Superior Indoor Air Quality

MERV 13/11A filter sets new standard for infectious aerosol control in schools, offices, healthcare facilities, and public spaces

RIVERDALE, NJ — Camfil, a global leader in air filtration technology, today announced the launch of an updated  Camfil AQ13, a MERV 13/11A panel filter engineered to deliver cleaner, safer air for the spaces where people live, work, and learn.

The AQ13 is ASHRAE 241 compliant for control of infectious aerosols and delivers best-in-class performance in HVAC systems limited to 4 inch depth or less. Featuring rigid construction with welded grid backing for maximum durability, the AQ13 is optimized for schools, offices, retail environments, public transit, and healthcare facilities.

READ: The New Standard in Indoor Air Quality Has Arrived

“The AQ13 doesn’t just meet the new air quality standards—it sets them,” said Mark Davidson, Manager of Marketing and Technical Materials. “When superior indoor air quality is non-negotiable, the Camfil AQ13 delivers the performance, compliance, and reliability that facility managers and building operators demand.”

Learn more about the Camfil AQ13: https://www.camfil.com/en-us/products/general-ventilation-filters/panel-filters/aq/aq13-_-68953

About Camfil

For more than half a century, Camfil has been helping people breathe cleaner air. As a leading manufacturer of premium clean air solutions, we provide commercial and industrial systems for air filtration and air pollution control that improve worker and equipment productivity, minimize energy use, and benefit human health and the environment. We firmly believe that the best solutions for our customers are the best solutions for our planet, too. That’s why every step of the way – from design to delivery and across the product life cycle – we consider the impact of what we do on people and on the world around us. Through a fresh approach to problem-solving, innovative design, precise process control and a strong customer focus we aim to conserve more, use less and find better ways – so we can all breathe easier. The Camfil Group is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, and has 29 manufacturing sites, six R&D centers, local sales offices in 35+ countries, and 5,700 employees and growing. We proudly serve and support customers in a wide variety of industries and communities across the world. To discover how Camfil USA can help you protect people, processes, and the environment, visit us at www.camfil.us.

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Clean Air Solutions for Beverage Processing Facilities

The global beverage industry is booming, with the market projected to reach USD 1.92 trillion in 2025 and expected to grow to USD 2.56 trillion by 2030. As demand increases, so do the stakes: even small contamination events or recalls can cost tens of millions of dollars, threaten customer health and damage brand reputations. 

In this environment, achieving high standards of indoor air quality is essential for beverage facilities. Beverage processing facilities face unique air quality challenges: volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cleaning and sanitizing agents, microbial threats, mold, and airborne contaminants introduced via ventilation or compressed air systems.

Fortunately, premium air filtration systems offer a powerful line of defense. High-efficiency filters, properly designed HVAC and cleanroom zones, compressed air purification, and odor and VOC control all play a role in keeping airborne contaminants out of production zones. With the right clean air solutions in place, facilities can reduce risk, maintain consistency, improve product quality, and even lower maintenance and energy costs over time. 

READ: Air Filtration Boosts Productivity and Employee Health in Beverage Operations

This article will serve as a comprehensive guide to air filtration solutions for beverage processing. We’ll dive into the types of contaminants to watch out for, how to assess risks, filter technologies and grades, best practices for design, and clean air strategies that support compliance and sustainability goals. 

Understanding Airborne Contamination Risks

In beverage processing facilities, understanding where risk comes from and how significant each source can be is the foundation of effective clean air solutions.

Cardboard Dust Problem & Shift in Packaging Trends

For many older bottling and beverage plants, cardboard and corrugated packaging have long been a staple for bulk cases and cartons. However, these materials generate fine dust particles that shed as boxes are handled, stacked, moved and broken down. This dust settles on filling lines, bottle caps, seals and exposed product surfaces creating contamination hazards. The issue has become severe enough that many beverage processors are moving away from traditional cardboard toward shrink-wrap, plastic sleeves, or reusable containers to reduce dust generation, simplify cleaning, and reduce risk. 

Other Particulate Sources

Beyond cardboard, beverage plant contamination comes from multiple particulate sources:

• Production dust from ingredient handling, powders, milling, drying, or handling of additives.
• Ambient particles entering via ventilation, doors, or from loading docks and external environments.
• Human activity, such as workers moving between zones, changing shifts, open containers, or from PPE, clothing. Also, from belts, motors, conveyors shedding material.

Uncontrolled particulates accumulate on surfaces where product is exposed, or within machinery where hygiene is critical.

Biological Hazards

Airborne particulates often carry or facilitate biological risks. Mold spores, bacteria, and yeast can thrive in moist environments, on surfaces, or form biofilms. In beverage plants, elevated humidity, condensation, leaks, or sanitizing processes that leave residual moisture provide fertile ground. These biological agents can settle into the product, grow post-processing (if packaging or sealing fails), affecting safety, flavor, and shelf life. 

Cost Impact: Recalls, Downtime, Brand Damage

The financial and reputational costs of contamination are steep. Product recalls due to microbial, foreign-matter, or packaging failure can cost millions (or tens of millions), especially when safety is violated. Even smaller contamination events cause downtime for cleaning, wasted batches, additional inspections, and risk of failing audits. Brand damage may have longer-term effects:  consumer trust lost, regulatory fines, and negative press. For many beverage processors, contamination is not just a quality issue, but a high-stakes operational risk. Sources note that contaminated compressed air, ambient microbial contamination, or packaging defects all contribute to recalls and non-compliance. 

Three Critical Air Filtration Points

In most bottle beverage plants, three filtration opportunities are essential to capture airborne contaminants before they compromise product quality. Optimizing filtration at rooftop air handling units, air conveyor filtration, and HEPA filters is key to building a robust clean-air strategy.

Rooftop Air Handling Units

Rooftop air handling units (AHUs) are often installed on the roof of beverage processing facilities to filter, heat, cool, and dehumidify the air entering production zones. Because they serve as the first major line of defense for facility-wide air quality, their filter configuration is critical.

One effective configuration used by Camfil is the Dual 9 prefilter and Durafil filter combination. The 30/30 Dual 9 is a pleated panel filter rated at MERV 9/9A, using a dual-layer media that captures both coarse and fine particulates, with a guaranteed service life of 9-12 months under many conditions.
Following that, the Durafil high-efficiency box-type, V-style air filter can be installed downstream to further remove finer particles. These air filters are available with high MERV ratings from 13/13A to 16/16A with options that suit tight spaces and high airflow demands. 

This rooftop AHU filtration setup provides cleaner air to the rest of the plant, reducing load on downstream filters, decreasing coil fouling, and improving indoor air quality in all zones. Because rooftop units often handle large volumes of air and variable environmental conditions (hot, humid, dust-laden), energy efficiency becomes a major consideration. Filters that produce lower pressure drop extend fan life and reduce energy usage. The Dual 9/Durafil configuration is designed with that in mind. 

Air Conveyor Systems

In many beverage plants, empty bottles or containers are moved along tracks via air conveyor systems. These systems use fans that blow air to move or suspend bottles. The fans draw from ambient air, and if unfiltered, they can introduce dust, particulates, or even microbial particles directly into the container surfaces or sealing zones.

Aif filters are therefore placed in front of the intake or fan units of these systems. Suitable Camfil air filter types include the 30/30 Dual 9, Durafil, Absolute VG HEPA filter (which might be used as a final filtration stage before sensitive zones). These filters must balance sufficient particle capture with minimal pressure drop to avoid reducing fan capacity or slowing down bottle throughput. Performance losses in conveyor fans translate directly into production bottlenecks.

Requirements may differ depending on the product. A water bottling plant generally has less risk than a dairy beverage processing facility, which needs stricter hygiene, sometimes higher filtration or additional microbial control because dairy is more sensitive to spoilage organisms.

Filler Protection Systems

The final and most critical point is at the filler where beverage products contact packaging such as bottles and caps. HEPA filters provide essential filler protection. In many facilities, filler zones are enclosed or semi-enclosed with controlled airflow supplied through HEPA filtration.

These systems maintain positive pressure in the filler or cleanroom, so air leaks go outward, preventing ingress of contaminants. Clean room classification (per standards like ISO 14644-1 cleanrooms and associated controlled environments) or food safety audit requirements often dictate air change rates, ISO air cleanliness classes, and HEPA or equivalent filtration ratings.

The goal is to prevent even minute particles, microbes, and volatile contaminants from entering the product during filling. When done correctly, HEPA filters filler protection is one of the most effective safeguards against recalls, spoilage, or product degradation.

Regulatory Compliance Framework

In beverage processing, ensuring clean air via filtration plays a central role in meeting FDA air filtration requirements, achieving FSMA compliance, and integrating HACCP air quality controls into the operations. Below is a breakdown of the major regulatory obligations and examples of penalties for failing to comply.

FDA Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP)

Under Title 21 CFR Part 117, which modernizes the previous cGMP regulations, facilities that manufacture, process, pack, or hold human food (including beverages) must follow updated cGMP standards. This includes maintaining facilities, equipment, and the environment so that food is protected against contamination. Specifically, 21 CFR Part 117 Subpart B addresses environmental controls, including airflow, dust control, ventilation, and separation of operations to minimize contamination risks.

FSMA & Preventive Controls

The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) significantly strengthens preventive obligations. Under FSMA, beverage producers must implement preventive controls, perform traceability, and identify potential hazards (biological, chemical, physical) that could affect product safety. Airborne hazards, like dust, microbes, and contaminants via compressed air, are among those hazards that must be assessed. Penalties for FSMA and the FDA non-compliance can include product recalls, suspension of facility registration, and heavy fines. Moreover, because FSMA is a law, violations may be treated as criminal acts. 

HACCP Integration

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a food safety management system that identifies, evaluates, and controls biological, chemical, and physical hazards throughout the entire food chain, from raw material production and procurement, through handling, processing, and distribution, to the final consumption of the product. Air filtration becomes a critical control point when airborne contamination (particle load, microbial load) from ambient or compressed air could compromise safety or quality.

State and Local Regulations

State and local jurisdictions may impose additional or stricter requirements related to food safety, sanitation, air quality, dust control, or building standards. For instance, some states or local health departments may enforce rules around air-filtration, ventilation, dust control systems, or ambient air monitoring. These regulations vary significantly from state to state and depend on the type of product and the processing methods. It is important to understand which business licenses are necessary, what they entail, and where to obtain them. 

Benefits of Premium Air Filtration

When beverage facilities invest in high-quality air filtration systems, the returns go well beyond simply cleaner air. In particular, premium air filters deliver gains in product safety and quality, operational efficiency, worker health and safety, and brand protection. All of these benefits support long-term value and risk mitigation.

Product Safety & Quality

A primary benefit of premium air filtration is the prevention of contamination. Stray particulates, microbial spores, or box dust entering product streams cause spoilage, off-flavors, and recalls. Studies in the beverage industry show yeast, bacteria, and mold as common spoilage agents. Effective air filtration helps reduce their prevalence. 

Installing high-performance air filters strengthens beverage quality assurance by reducing defects, ensuring cleaner flavor profiles, and minimizing batch-to-batch variation. Premium filtration also extends shelf life by limiting biological growth and preventing particulate matter from settling on bottles or packaging. The result is less product waste and greater customer satisfaction.

Operational Efficiency

High-performance air filters maintain steady airflow and low resistance, while lasting longer than standard options. With less strain on fans and blowers, systems maintain consistent performance in both HVAC and air conveyor applications. Because higher-quality air filters perform well over time, maintenance teams change them less often, production runs face fewer interruptions, and unplanned shutdowns are easier to avoid. The reduced pressure drop also lowers fan motor demand, which translates directly into measurable energy savings.

Worker Health & Safety

Cleaner air safeguards more than the beverage products. It protects the people who process them. High-quality air filtration reduces everyday exposure to airborne hazards, helping to prevent respiratory issues and other health problems. It also strengthens compliance with OSHA exposure standards. In well-maintained hygiene zones, the risk of cross-contamination decreases, and microbial growth is easier to control, which lowers the chance of safety incidents. The outcome is a healthier workplace, fewer illnesses, and greater protection against regulatory violations.

Brand Protection

When contamination triggers a recall or visible defect, brand reputation takes the hit. Premium air filtration reduces that risk by reducing safety incidents and keeping product quality consistent, which helps preserve consumer trust. The benefits go beyond saving beverage products. Strong air filtration also shields brands from negative publicity, legal exposure, regulatory penalties, and market share loss. Facilities recognized for clean operations can turn that reputation into a competitive advantage.

Camfil Premium Air Filtration Solutions

Camfil offers a full range of air filters tailored for beverage processing environments, delivering protection across every risk zone. Below are application-specific solutions and air filter recommendations for low-care, high-care, and high-hygiene areas using Camfil beverage air filters.

Low Care Areas (Warehouses)

In warehouse or storage zones, where exposure to outside air and dust is moderate and product isn’t yet exposed, cost-effective contamination control is key. Camfil’s 30/30 Dual 9, Hi-Flo ES, and Durafil air filters serve well here:

• 30/30 Dual 9: These pleated panel air filters have a high moisture-resistant beverage board frame. Rated MERV 9/9A, it is designed to last 9 to 12 months, depending on load, while maintaining consistent performance and low pressure drop. Ideal for protecting primary HVAC systems. 
• Durafil: These air filters offer higher efficiency than prefilters for use as secondary filtration in multi-stage systems. They help prevent finer particulates from progressing downstream. 
• Hi-Flo ES: These air filters are suitable for applications with moderate dust loading where long service life and low maintenance are needed.

Air Handling Units

For HVAC or rooftop units in beverage plants, Camfil recommends a multi-stage filtration approach using 30/30 Dual 9 prefilters + Durafil combination:

• 30/30 Dual 9 air filters are the first stage in air handling units, capturing coarse and mid-size particles. 
• Downstream, Durafil air filters (and in more demanding cases, Absolute VG HEPA filter) provide higher efficiency removal of finer particulates. This two-stage or three-stage setup ensures the bulk of contaminants are captured early (reducing load on downstream filters), while final stages protect critical zones.

Air Conveyor Systems

Air conveyor systems in bottling plants must have reliable filtration to prevent particulates from settling inside bottles or on caps and seals.

• For these systems, Camfil recommends using 30/30 Dual 9 for fan intake air filters in typical conveyor lines.
• For more critical or dairy usage, use Durafil air filters or Absolute VG HEPA air filters to provide higher levels of protection. The Absolute VG line is especially useful where very fine particulate or microbial control is needed in critical zones. 

High-Care Areas

These are zones where product is exposed, packaging is sealed, or minor defects could lead to failure. Camfil air filters for high-care include Durafil, Absolute VG, and Megalam panel filters:

• Durafil air filters, as noted above, capture mid-fine particulates before the final stages.
• Absolute VG HEPA filters are certified to a minimum efficiency of 99.99% at 0.3 microns
• Megalam panel filters are cleanroom-grade HEPA/ULPA filters with efficiencies up to 99.99995%, using microfine glass media, designed for cleanroom ceiling modules or housing systems. 

High Hygiene Areas

High hygiene or critical filling zones require the highest level of protection. These are areas where beverage contact, aseptic filling, or sealed packaging occurs, and regulatory compliance demands strict filtration and environmental controls.

• Use HEPA or ULPA air filters, such as Camfil’s Absolute V family of air filters, which are used in make-up-air or recirculation units as a final HEPA stage to protect terminal HEPA filters in cleanrooms.
• Megalam panel air filters are also widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, which is an industry that also requires the use of filters to ensure product protection. 

Standards & Best Practices

Ensuring excellent air quality in beverage processing requires robust programs for filter replacement schedules, pressure monitoring, environmental monitoring procedures, and staff training requirements. These practices help maintain safety, compliance, and consistent product quality.

Filter Replacement Schedules

Air filters should be replaced based on performance, not just time on the calendar. The key indicator is reaching the maximum allowable pressure drop. Low-care zones can often run longer between changes, while high-hygiene or aseptic areas require shorter intervals, with some based on the number of sanitation cycles.  Relying on manufacturer specifications together with real-time differential pressure readings ensures more accurate and reliable replacement timing.

In addition, personnel must be trained in recognizing when air filters are underperforming (e.g., rising pressure drop), how to safely change filters, seal filter frames properly, and avoid bypass leaks.

Pressure Monitoring Protocols

Differential pressure (or pressure drop) across air filters is a key metric. Monitoring this regularly (daily or weekly, depending on system size and load) allows early detection of clogging, bypass, or failure. Choose MERV-A-rated air filters. MERV-A is important which indicates efficiency rating remains stable until the recommended pressure drop, so that airflow remains consistent. Choose HEPA/ULPA filters from manufacturers who can provide evidence that filters are individually tested to ensure efficiency and resistance are within specifications.

ROI & Business Benefits

Investing in premium air filtration yields measurable returns for beverage processing facilities. When choosing air filters, the purchase price tells only part of the story. What really matters is the total cost of ownership (TCO), that is, the sum of all expenses a filter generates over its life. Energy consumption, declining performance, labor for installation and replacement, and disposal costs all contribute to the true financial impact. TCO provides a clearer view of both direct and indirect costs over time.

Air filters that are inexpensive, at the start, often clog quickly, forcing HVAC systems to work harder and burn more energy to keep air moving. That drives up operating costs and shortens service intervals. High-performance air filters maintain efficiency much more than conventional options, preserving airflow and capturing contaminants more effectively. This extended performance reduces energy use, cuts the number of filter changes, lowers labor demands, and sends less waste to landfills.

Camfil Case Study:  Bottled Water Producer

A global leader in bottled water, with operations in more than 35 countries, struggled with frequent filter changes at conveyor intakes. Low-cost competitor air filters failed quickly, causing contamination risks, airflow disruptions, and high labor costs.

Camfil recommended modifying filter housings to use a 2” Farr 30/30 prefilter with either a 12” Riga-Flo or 12” Durafil ES final filter. Tested under ASHRAE 52.2 standards, the new setup far outperformed the old design:  the 30/30 air filter lasted six months (vs. one), and the Durafil ES air filter lasted 12 months (vs. three). The result was an 80% reduction in annual filter usage, thousands saved in labor and disposal, and $11,851 in yearly energy savings from lower resistance.

Conclusion

The beverage industry faces unique air quality challenges, from cardboard dust in packaging to microbial contamination in high-hygiene zones. Premium food-grade air filters deliver measurable benefits, including better product quality, extended shelf life, lower energy costs, improved worker safety, and stronger brand protection. The right solutions, such as Camfil’s Dual 9, Durafil, Absolute VG, and Megalam air filters, help ensure that beverage plants stay compliant with FDA, FSMA, and HACCP requirements while optimizing operational efficiency.

Contact a Camfil air quality expert today to design a customized solution for your beverage processing facility.

FAQs: Clean Air in Beverage Processing Facilities

1. What types of air filters are required for beverage processing facilities?
   A multi-stage approach: prefilters (e.g., Dual 9), secondary filters (Durafil), and final HEPA filters (Absolute V, Megalam) in high-care zones. Must meet FDA cGMP, FSMA, and HACCP requirements.
2. How do air conveyor systems benefit from specialized air filtration?
   Air conveyor systems use fans that blow air to move or suspend bottles. High-performance air filters placed in front of the intake or fans prevent dust, particulates, or microbial from contaminating container surfaces and sealing zones.
3. Why is cardboard dust a concern in bottling facilities?
   Cardboard sheds fine particles that contaminate bottles; many plants have shifted to shrink-wrap or reusable packaging to avoid this risk.
4. What are the FDA requirements for air filtration in beverage plants?
   Facilities must control dust and airborne contaminants under cGMP (21 CFR 117). FSMA requires preventive controls for air quality risks.
5. How often should air filters be replaced in beverage processing?
   When they reach maximum allowable pressure drop, typically every 6–12 months for premium filters. Monitor differential pressure to guide changes.
6. What’s the difference between air filtration needs for water vs. dairy bottling?
   Dairy beverage processing requires air filtration that provides higher efficiency and microbial control to prevent spoilage risks.
7. How do modern air filtration systems address both particulate and biological contamination?
   By combining prefilters, high-efficiency secondary filters, and HEPA filter stages for layered protection.
8. What are the cost benefits of low-pressure-drop air filters in beverage production?
   Premium air filters reduce fan energy use, extend filter life, reduce maintenance, and improve system performance.
9. How do HEPA air filters protect beverage filling operations?
   They supply ultra-clean air to filler zones, maintain positive pressure, and meet cleanroom standards.
10. What training is recommended for staff managing beverage facility air filtration?
    Training in recognizing when air filters are underperforming (e.g., rising pressure drop), filter change-out, seal checks, pressure monitoring, and regulatory compliance.

 

¹ https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/beverages-market

² https://cleanair.camfil.ca/the-hidden-threat-of-poor-air-quality-in-food-and-beverage-production-facilities/

³ https://www.foodandbeverage.business/featured-article/enhancing-air-quality-in-food-and-beverage-production-innovations-and-best-practices/

⁴ https://cleanair.camfil.us/2023/09/06/air-filtration-boosts-productivity-and-employee-health-in-beverage-operations/

⁵ https://www.camfil.com/en/insights/food-and-beverage/food-and-beverage-contamination

⁶ https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-117/subpart-B

⁷ https://www.fda.gov/food/food-safety-modernization-act-fsma/fsma-final-rule-preventive-controls-human-food

⁸ https://www.christiansoncpa.com/fsma-penalties-compliance-enforcement/

⁹ https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog/food-safety-modernization-act-nutshell

¹⁰ https://www.fda.gov/food/guidance-regulation-food-and-dietary-supplements/hazard-analysis-critical-control-point-haccp

¹¹ https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/expert-insights/business-license-requirements-for-food-processing-and-manufacturing

¹² https://microbenotes.com/beverages-spoilage-preservation/

¹³ https://cleanair.camfil.us/2024/07/31/everything-you-need-to-know-about-mechanical-air-filters/

¹⁴ https://cleanair.camfil.us/2016/10/27/how-to-account-for-total-cost-of-ownership/

¹⁵ https://cleanair.camfil.us/2025/07/21/clean-air-solutions-for-food-processing-facilities-for-safety-compliance-and-efficiency/

¹⁶ https://bit.ly/4gCED3L

The post Clean Air Solutions for Beverage Processing Facilities appeared first on Air Filters for Clean Air.

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Preserving Culture and Protecting People: Why Air Quality Matters in Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums

Maintaining good air quality in cultural institutions like galleries, libraries, archives and museums (GLAM) is essential for preserving valuable collections and ensuring the well-being of visitors and staff. One major threat to indoor air quality is the buildup of microscopic dust particles, known as particulate matter. These tiny airborne particles can scratch, discolor or degrade delicate materials while affecting people’s health. 

READ: Why Museums Need Industrial Air Filters to Protect Staff and Artifacts

Poor air quality undermines the fundamental goal of preventative conservation, which is to ensure that cultural collections remain stable over long periods of time (hundreds to thousands of years). According to The Canadian Conservation Institute, accumulation of fine particulate matter can result in various forms of material degradation, including loss of gloss, darkening of pigments, accelerated oxidation and fading. 

To address these challenges, Camfil provides sustainable, high-efficiency air filtration solutions designed for museums and cultural institutions. HVAC systems with professionally specified air filtration can eliminate tiny particles and gases from the air to protect valuable artifacts and support a healthier space for everyone.

This article offers guidance on air quality solutions for GLAM facilities, helping to preserve collections and create safer, more comfortable spaces for both the public and staff.

The Air Quality Challenges Facing GLAM Institutions 

GLAM institutions display collections for the public and work to preserve them for the future. However, their environments face many air quality threats that are often invisible but can cause serious damage.

Pollutants and Particulate Matter

Dust, soot, pollen, textile fibers and skin flakes can accumulate on surfaces and inside display cases, putting collections at risk. Smaller particles can stay in the air and travel to remote areas of a room. 

These particles come from multiple sources:

• Outdoor pollution coming in through fugitive sources such as open windows, loading bay and poorly-sealed doors
• Visitors, who track in dust particles and stir them up through movement, especially in high-traffic exhibition areas
• Poorly filtered or unsealed HVAC intake systems
• Carpets, curtains and upholstered furniture, which can release fibers and trap dust
• Cleaning agents, which may disperse particles depending on the agents
• Construction materials such as concrete that can release dust during renovation or wear

These minute airborne particles can cause scratching and lead to discoloration of paintings, manuscripts, and sculptures. Dust particles smaller than 10 microns (PM10) are particularly harmful as they can settle in the tiny cracks of paper and paint, where they cause deterioration by attracting pollutants and moisture. 

Dust damage is compounded during cleaning, where abrasive particles can scratch or lift fragile surfaces. This is especially risky for historical manuscripts and materials that are over 100 years old.

Gaseous Pollutants and Chemical Degradation

Gaseous contaminants such as ozone (O₃), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are typically found in outside air but can make their way indoors. Ozone is particularly destructive to the preservation of museum artifacts since it is extremely reactive. Once inside, the gases can chemically react with sensitive materials like paper, fabrics, textiles, wood, leather and metals to accelerate fading, yellowing and embrittlement. 

In addition, these pollutants can contribute to metal corrosion, oxidation of bronze and silver artifacts and acidification of organic materials. The result is often discoloration, structural weakening and long-term material breakdown. 

Internal sources like adhesives, cleaning agents and off-gassing from furnishings or even visitors’ clothing can bring in harmful toxic gases into GLAM spaces. Molecular air filtration provides a cost-effective method for removing gaseous pollutants, ensuring safe conditions for storage and display. 

Microbial Threats

Mold, fungal spores and other bioaerosols are a serious threat to the health of individuals and the conservation of collections in GLAM institutions. These biological contaminants thrive in high humidity and organic environments like paper, textiles and leather. 

Once established, mold can permanently ruin organic artifacts by staining surfaces, weakening structural fibers and accelerating decay. Airborne spores and bioaerosols can pose health risks to staff and visitors, triggering allergic reactions, respiratory issues and other health concerns. 

Climate and Ventilation Challenges

Many historical buildings housing GLAM institutions have outdated or, in some extreme cases, no HVAC systems, resulting in poor air circulation that allows airborne contaminants to settle and deposit.  HVAC systems are designed to recirculate a certain percentage of air, which, if not properly filtered, circulates that air throughout the facility, moving particles from one area to another.. 

Balancing visitor comfort (68°-72° F) with cooler, more stable temperatures preferred for collection preservation can increase relative humidity and reduce air circulation, creating an environment where airborne contaminants can settle on sensitive materials. 

High occupancy levels also cause contamination. Increased foot traffic brings in more dust, skin flakes and pollutants, while elevated CO2 and humidity levels can stress HVAC performance and accelerate material degradation. 

Efforts to reduce energy consumption through reduced rates of air exchange can actually reduce air quality. Without adequate ventilation, pollutants become trapped and harmful particulates and gases can accumulate over time.

Air Quality Needs Across Different Areas of a GLAM Facility

Not all areas of a cultural institution require the same level of air quality control. Understanding the unique functions and needs of each space enables targeted, cost-effective air filtration solutions that protect collections and occupants. 

Library and Reading Rooms

Materials in books and manuscripts housed in libraries and reading rooms are exposed to airborne dust, acidic gases and moisture variations. Fine particulate matter can cause paper yellowing, brittleness and ink fading, with ozone exposure accelerating paper deterioration. A good air filtration system prevents permanent collection loss and improves patron comfort.

Conservation Laboratories

Conservation and restoration labs require cleanroom-quality air to ensure that delicate treatments are not compromised by airborne contaminants. These spaces must also prevent the introduction of new pollutants during restoration processes. Advanced molecular air filtration is essential for capturing VOCs released by adhesives, solvents and cleaning agents commonly used in conservation work. Such filtration protects conservators by minimizing exposure to toxic chemicals during extended treatment sessions.

Storage and Archives

Storage and archival areas demand stringent air quality controls in cultural facilities. These rooms are utilized for long-term storage of materials, some which are never seen by the public, so environmental stability and pollutant control is a top priority.

To protect these irreplaceable collections, storage environments must maintain tightly-controlled conditions like stable temperature and humidity levels and trace amounts of pollutants. This includes particulate matter, gaseous pollutants and microbial contaminants such as mold spores.

Since these spaces often operate with low air exchange rates to conserve energy and maintain consistent environmental conditions, high-efficiency filtration is critical. Without it, even small amounts of airborne contamination can accumulate over time, posing significant risks to the longevity of stored items.

Art Galleries and Exhibition Halls

Galleries and exhibit spaces present unique air quality challenges due to heavy foot traffic, which raises levels of dust, carbon dioxide (CO₂), and bioaerosols. These areas must carefully balance environmental control with aesthetic and functional considerations.

Lighting and spotlights, while essential for purposes of display, can produce heat and ozone, both known to accelerate the deterioration of sensitive materials. Unlike stored items, exhibited works are continuously exposed to these environmental stressors, making them more vulnerable.

Effective air quality strategies in exhibition spaces must balance preservation needs with visual presentation, ensuring protective systems remain unobtrusive. Air filtration and ventilation systems must be discreet and address both particulate and gaseous pollutants without intruding on the visual experience. 

Museum Collections (Back-of-House)

Behind the scenes, off-show items are often even more fragile and susceptible than those in public exhibitions. These items, such as archaeological remains, textiles, manuscripts and sculptures, require carefully controlled environments to safeguard them in the long term.

Back-of-house storage areas must be well controlled to prevent corrosion, discoloration and mold growth, which can be triggered by even minor differences in air quality, humidity or temperature. Since these objects are usually waiting for conservation, research or eventual display, they will remain in storage for long periods, increasing their exposure to environmental threats.

Visitor and Public Areas

Indoor air quality in public spaces such as lobbies, cafeterias, gift shops and auditoriums plays a vital role in the visitor experience. Clean, healthy indoor environments are not only more comfortable but also reflect an institution’s professionalism and commitment to public health.

Effective air filtration in these areas helps protect staff, volunteers and visitors from allergens, pollutants and airborne pathogens. In the post-pandemic era, clean indoor air has moved from a desirable feature to an expectation and a key factor in building trust and confidence among visitors.

Return on Investment

Prevention vs. Restoration

The cost of restoring artwork, particularly large or historic pieces, can be very high. According to industry estimates, the restoration of a severely damaged painting can range from $20,000 to $100,000 or more, depending on the extent of the structural issue, paint loss and conservation needs. 

Installing a comprehensive, facility-wide air filtration system can be comparative in price, depending on facility size, climate control needs and current heating and cooling setup. With regular maintenance, these air systems typically last 10-20 years, helping protect valuable collections and lower costs over time. 

Better air quality can also lower liability risk and insurance costs. Many institutions that lend artwork require environmental controls for loaned artwork. In addition, grant funding often expects institutions to show a commitment to sustainability and preservation, which air filtration supports. 

Sustainability and Energy Efficiency

Modern high-efficiency filters capture tiny particles without blocking airflow, so HVAC systems run more efficiently. This can save 15-30% on energy by using less fan power, which lowers operational costs. Longer filter life also means fewer replacements, less maintenance and reduced waste. 

Switching to efficient filtration systems can help institutions earn Energy Star certification and LEED credits, which support meeting local, state or federal sustainability mandates. These certifications also make funding applications stronger, especially when energy efficiency and sustainability are a requirement.

Reputation and Stewardship: Mission-Driven Investment

Investing in air quality is more than an operational upgrade for GLAM institutions; it reflects their mission and values. Good air quality reflects a commitment to preservation and public responsibility. It demonstrates forward-thinking leadership and professionalism, aligning with best practices in preventative conservation and facility management. 

Sustaining high air quality levels draws in donors and grants that prioritize sustainability, risk management and long-term care. It gives an institution a competitive advantage to host travelling exhibitions. Many lenders demand strict environmental controls.

Best Practices and Solutions from Camfil 

For over 60 years, Camfil has partnered with cultural institutions worldwide to offer specialized solutions in molecular and air filtration. From the Uffizi in Florence to the British Library in London and Moderna Museet in Stockholm, Camfil’s filtration systems protect some of the world’s most valuable artifacts and artworks from harmful air pollutants. 

Whether retrofitting HVAC systems in historic buildings or creating filtration for modern museums with advanced environmental controls, Camfil provides tailored air filtration solutions that protect irreplaceable cultural treasures and support optimal indoor air quality. 

Particulate Filtration: First Line of Defense

Dust and airborne particles can compromise indoor air quality, threatening both cultural assets and the health of building occupants.  Air filters come in various configurations, including metal-framed box-style, bag-style, or pleated panel filters, which range in efficiency from MERV 8/8A for single–filtration stage systems to MERV 16/16A as final filters in multistage systems.   For critical conservation and exhibition areas, several models feature HEPA-grade efficiency, which capture a minimum of 99.97% of particles as small as 0.3 microns. 

Recommended Solutions:

• CityCarb I:  Works as a 2-in-1 filter for removing solid and gaseous contaminants in one stage. 
• Hi-Flo ES:  An energy-efficiency pocket filter ideal as a primary filter in central HVAC systems. 
• Durafil Compac:  Featuring a compact design with full-service performance, this air filter is ideal for spaces with space limitations, such as lobbies and high-traffic public areas.
• Durafil ES3:  This energy-efficient filter maintains a low pressure drop and consistent performance.
• 30/30 Dual 9:  This dual-layer filter enhances particle removal. It serves as an excellent prefilter for sensitive areas such as exhibition halls and storage vaults.

Molecular Filtration: Chemical and Gaseous Pollutant Control

Gaseous contaminants, like ozone, nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide and VOCs, can enter museum environments from outside air or through off-gassing of building materials. These pollutants can degrade valuable museum pieces and pose health risks to occupants. 

Camfil’s molecular air filtration solutions are designed to neutralize these harmful gases and odors. They can be configured for a wide range of contaminants specific to an application, such as conservation labs and archival storage, to extend artifact lifespan, reduce restoration costs and provide a cleaner workspace for conservators. 

Recommended Solutions: 

• CityCarb CH:  Contains impregnated activated carbon to remove acetic and formic acid and other corrosive gases. Ideal for archives and storage areas.
• CamCarb VC:  This high-capacity cylindrical filter offers VOC control for conservation labs.
• CamCarb XG:  Offers long service life with low maintenance, minimizing operational disruptions 
• CityPleat:  Premium prefilter with both particulate and molecular air filtration capabilities in a single filter.  

Customized Air Handling for Heritage Sites

Air filtration does not take a one-size-fits-all approach. Many GLAM facilities are located in historic buildings with unique HVAC challenges such as limited space, aging fans or non-standard ductwork layouts. Integrating modern filtration into legacy systems requires expertise and flexible design solutions. 

Camfil custom-engineered solutions include: 

• Low-pressure drop filters that maintain airflow in systems with aging or underpowered fans. 
• Compact filter designs that fit into tight mechanical rooms or non-standard housings.
• Modular and scalable systems that allow phased upgrades with minimal operational disruption.

In addition, Camfil works with facilities to solve unique challenges, such as alternatives for modifying or replacing multiple vitrines.

Conclusion 

GLAM institutions have a dual responsibility to protect valuable collections and provide healthy, welcoming environments supported by clean indoor air. Often, air quality management is only addressed after damage occurs or when visitors and staff raise concerns. A proactive approach to air filtration can prevent deterioration, reduce risks, lower restoration and conservation costs and protect the institution’s reputation.

Camfil believes that air quality is foundational to cultural stewardship. Whether a small museum or a world-renowned gallery, every GLAM institution deserves clean air regardless of size or budget. Our 5-Star Premium Air Filters are designed to substantially reduce HVAC-related energy consumption, require fewer change-outs, minimize waste and maintain their particle capture efficiency over time. 

Helping GLAM facilities make informed decisions about air filtration, Camfil recognizes that each cultural institution is unique, requiring customized solutions to meet specific air quality standards, conservation needs, and infrastructure constraints.

Contact Camfil to learn more about the full range of air filtration solutions tailored for museums, libraries, archives and cultural institutions. 

Download our brochure on clean air solutions for cultural heritage institutions. 

Frequently Asked Questions 

FAQ 1:  Why is air quality important in museums and galleries?

Answer:  Air quality is critical in museums and galleries because airborne pollutants—including dust, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and VOCs—cause irreversible damage to artifacts, paintings, textiles, and manuscripts. Poor air quality also affects the health of visitors and staff, leading to respiratory issues and reduced comfort. Effective air filtration protects irreplaceable collections, extends artifact lifespans, and creates a safe, welcoming environment for the public.

FAQ 2:  What are the most common air pollutants in cultural institutions?

Answer:  The most common air pollutants in museums, libraries, and archives include:

• Particulate matter: Dust, pollen, soot
• Gaseous pollutants: Ozone (O₃), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
• Bioaerosols: Mold spores, bacteria, fungal growth

These contaminants cause fading, yellowing, embrittlement, corrosion, and microbial damage to collections.

FAQ 3:  How does poor air quality damage artifacts and collections?

Answer:  Poor air quality damages artifacts through:

• Physical damage: Dust particles scratch delicate surfaces
• Chemical reactions: Ozone and acidic gases accelerate fading, yellowing, and embrittlement of paper, textiles, and pigments
• Corrosion: Sulfur compounds tarnish metals
• Microbial growth: High humidity and spores cause mold on organic materials

This damage is often irreversible and accumulates silently over time.

FAQ 4:  What type of air filters are used in museums?

Answer:  Museums use two main types of air filters:

• Particulate filters: HEPA and high-efficiency filters (e.g., Camfil’s Hi-Flo ES, Durafil ES3) remove dust, pollen, and fine particles
• Molecular filters: Activated carbon and specialty media (e.g., CityCarb CH, CamCarb XG) remove gaseous pollutants like ozone, SO₂, NOₓ, and VOCs

Many institutions use both types for comprehensive protection.

FAQ 5:  How much does a museum air filtration system cost?

Answer:  Museum air filtration systems typically cost between $10,000 and $75,000, depending on facility size, existing HVAC infrastructure, and air quality requirements. While this is a significant investment, it is far less expensive than artifact restoration ($5,000-$100,000 per item) or mold remediation ($50,000-$500,000+). Additionally, energy-efficient filters reduce operational costs by 15-30%, providing long-term ROI.

FAQ 6:  What is molecular filtration, and why is it important for archives?

Answer:  Molecular filtration uses activated carbon and chemically treated media to remove gaseous pollutants like ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and VOCs. This is critical for archives because these gases cause paper yellowing, embrittlement, and ink fading. Unlike particulate filters, molecular filters target invisible chemical threats that cause irreversible long-term damage to manuscripts, books, and documents.

FAQ 7:  How often should museum air filters be replaced?

Answer:  Museum air filters should be replaced every 6-12 months, depending on:

• Filter type (particulate vs. molecular)
• Local air quality (urban vs. rural)
• Facility usage (visitor traffic, special events)
• HVAC system design

Regular replacement ensures optimal performance. Facilities should also implement IAQ monitoring to track pollutant levels and adjust maintenance schedules accordingly.

FAQ 8:  Can air filtration help prevent mold in museum collections?

Answer:  Yes. Air filtration helps prevent mold by:

• Removing mold spores and bioaerosols from circulating air
• Reducing humidity (when combined with proper HVAC control)
• Preventing spore colonization on artifacts

However, filtration alone is not sufficient. Museums must also maintain stable humidity levels (45-55% RH), ensure proper ventilation, and monitor for water intrusion or leaks.

FAQ 9:  What is the difference between air quality needs in exhibition halls vs. storage areas?

Answer:  Exhibition halls have high visitor traffic, increasing dust, CO₂, and bioaerosols. They require robust particulate filtration and frequent filter changes. Displayed works are more vulnerable due to lighting and environmental fluctuations.

Storage areas house items long-term and require the highest air quality standards. Low air exchange rates mean filtration must be extremely efficient. Both particulate and molecular filtration are essential to prevent slow, cumulative damage to stored collections.

FAQ 10:  How does air quality affect visitor experience in museums?

Answer:  Poor air quality affects visitor experience through:

• Discomfort:  Musty odors, stale air, and allergens reduce satisfaction
• Health:  Respiratory irritation and allergy symptoms
• Perception:  Visitors associate poor air quality with neglect and unprofessionalism

Conversely, clean, fresh air enhances comfort, increases dwell time, and encourages repeat visits. Post-pandemic, visitors expect institutions to prioritize air quality for safety and trust.

The post Preserving Culture and Protecting People:  Why Air Quality Matters in Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums appeared first on Air Filters for Clean Air.

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