How Air Pollution In Pharma Labs Can Be Reduced And People’s Health Protected

Clean Air Solution by Camfil USA. Leader in Air Filters for Commercial and Industrial applications.

Pharma labs must have clean air in them, as if the air is not clean it can contaminate drugs. Contaminated drugs can have devastating health impacts, so pharma labs have air quality standards they must follow to ensure that drugs are prepared safely. How safe is the air in these labs in reality, and what kinds of pollutants exist in them? What can be done to reduce these air pollutants?

Common Air Pollutants In Pharma Labs

Common air pollutants in pharma labs include microorganisms and bioaerosols. Bioaerosols refer to particles that are released into the air by living ecosystems. This can include fungal spores from the mold, pollen from plants, endotoxins, or animal dander. Bioaerosols also include particles of dust that carry microorganisms on them.

Common bioaerosols include E. coli, listeria, salmonella, and Clostridium. Drug preparation facilities are supposed to be cleaned and sterilized to remove bioaerosols and other pollutants, but frequently microbial contamination of drugs can occur anyway. The main source of contamination from microbes comes from the people who work in the lab. Lab workers can unknowingly bring in many different microbes and air pollutants on their clothes and bodies and if proper sanitization isn’t done or drugs are improperly prepared, the drugs can be contaminated.

“Air pollutants in pharma labs can also include the common air pollutants defined as criteria pollutants by the EPA,” says Camfil’s Charlie Seyffer, Manager of Marketing & Technical Materials and 37-year ASHRAE member and active committee participant. “These include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter.  These air pollutants can come from devices and appliances found indoors like heating systems, but they can also infiltrate the building’s envelope through cracks or open windows, coming in from outside.”

Health Effects of Air Pollutants in Pharma Labs

The health effects of air pollutants in pharma labs include damage to both the health of workers at the lab and to those who use the products created at a lab. The microorganisms and criteria air pollutants that can be found in a pharma lab’s air can cause damage to the respiratory tract. This includes damage to the lungs, nose, and throat. Air pollutants can irritate the eyes and skin as well.

High volumes of exposure to air pollutants can exacerbate previously existing respiratory conditions or lead to the development of respiratory conditions like pneumonia. Exposure to particulate matter pollution can increase a person’s risk of developing cancer and exposure to microorganisms can cause diseases associated with the various microbes.

Exposure to microbes through contaminated drugs can be extremely dangerous to the health of the individuals taking those drugs, and drug batches are contaminated in non-trivial amounts.

Air pollution can even contaminate drugs once they have left the pharma lab and arrived at a hospital or drug dispensary. Research conducted at a hospital in Tanzania found that approximately 50% of all products produced at a pharma lab and sent to a hospital were heavily contaminated with bacteria, consisting of Candida, Bacillus and Klebsiella species. Not only can these microbes cause diseases, but research into the bacterial strains found at the plant indicated that they were resistant to cloxacillin and Augmentin, common forms of antibiotics. This means that if proper care isn’t used when preparing drugs, the drugs could become infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

“Even the chemicals used to clean up pharma labs can cause damage to people’s health if not properly used and controlled,” explains Seyffer. “Chemical cleaners often release VOCs which can irritate the eyes, nose and throat in small amounts and cause permanent lung damage in greater amounts.” (2)

Controlling Air Pollution In Pharma Labs

Controlling air pollution in pharma labs can be achieved through a combination of filtration, source management, and proper training.

Source management means identifying and controlling potential sources of air pollutants. Pharma labs should be regularly inspected for any leaks in the building’s envelope, and the presence of any mold in warm moist areas. Pharma lab employees can be trained to use chemical cleaners responsibly and to report the presence of any possible sources of air pollutants.

“Improved ventilation and filtration should be employed to reduce levels of air pollutants within pharma labs,” says Seyffer. “Ventilation helps dilute levels of air pollutants in a room, as the air is spread over multiple areas of the building and the concentration of pollutants in any one room is decreased. Proper filters should be used in HVAC systems within pharma labs.”  (3)

High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters can remove 99.9% of all air pollutants within the air, and they should be utilized in pharma labs to keep the air and drugs free from contaminants.

It is also important to train lab employees on the proper procedures to avoid contaminating drugs. Proper sanitization and preparation methods should always be followed by pharma lab employees. The improper handling of drug creation supplies can lead to cross-contamination, so employees should be trained to watch out for these pathways of contamination.

Air pollution in pharma labs represents a grave health risk to the people who work in the labs as well as to the public who consumes the drugs produced in them. It is of extreme importance to take all measures to reduce air pollution in pharma labs and prevent the contamination of pharmaceutical drugs.

Camfil industrial air filtration company can give you the information you need to protect yourself from the air pollutants found in pharma labs. Whether you work in a pharma labor are worried about the common air pollutants found in labs, where you work or at home, Camfil can provide you with the resources you need to protect yourself, including high-quality filters. Contact Camfil today. Or, visit the Camfil USA catalog website

SOURCES:

1. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212609012000106
2. http://www.cosatron.com/applications/pharmaceutical/
3. https://www.pharmamanufacturing.com/articles/2011/149/

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Why Reducing Air Pollution With Energy Efficiency Is Worthy Of Investment

Clean Air Solution by Camfil USA. Leader in Air Filters for Commercial and Industrial applications.

Air pollution does a great deal of harm to the health of society and the environment, so it is extremely important that we investigate the best ways to reduce it. Reducing air pollution with energy efficiency is a potential way of fighting air pollution. Can improving energy efficiency really reduce air pollution? If it is a viable strategy for reducing air pollution, how does it function?

Energy Generation Produces Air Pollution

There are many different sources of air pollution, some sources are natural (such as volcanoes and wildfires) and some sources are man-made. Energy generation produces air pollution, along with other forms of human activity. Energy generation is one of the greatest sources of air pollution, and the pollutants it releases can manifest themselves in different ways.

Energy generation facilities can release pollutants like particulate matter, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and carbon monoxide. These air pollutants come from a variety of different types of energy generation, but they are released primarily by the energy plants that burn fossil fuels to create energy.

“Coal is arguably the dirtiest fossil fuel of them all, as it tends to create more air pollution than any other form of energy generation,” says Camfil’s Charlie Seyffer, Manager of Marketing & Technical Materials and 37-year ASHRAE member and active committee participant. “Coal burning is responsible for around 80% of all air pollution emissions from power plants, even though it generates only about 44% of the United States’ energy. Coal pollutes at every single phase of energy production, and energy generation using coal releases a lot of particulate matter into the air. This pollution leads to acid rain, global warming, soot accumulation, and of course the health problems associated with poor air quality.” (1)

Natural gas is becoming a larger industry in the U.S., as the nation begins to turn away from coal. While natural gas is definitely cleaner than coal, it can release its own emissions. Some air pollutants are emitted during the burning of natural gas, and the extraction of natural gas can sometimes lead to methane leaks. Methane is the main component of natural gas and as a greenhouse gas, it traps far more heat than carbon dioxide.

Even green, renewable forms of energy like solar and wind can produce pollutants during the manufacturing and operation of their component parts. While these emissions are definitely fewer in number than the emissions released by the burning of fossil fuels, it is important to limit them when we can.

Improving Energy Efficiency

If the generation of energy creates air pollution, then one of the best ways to reduce air pollution is to improve energy efficiency. Improving energy efficiency means both making systems more efficient so that they demand less power to operate, and improving how much energy is generated per unit of air pollution.

Designing “green” buildings and infrastructure is a way to improve efficiency. Green buildings are designed, constructed, and operated with energy-efficient principles in mind.

“An example of green building is putting windows where the sun shines on a building in the winter, meaning that the building will get some natural heat and have to rely less on heating with fossil fuels,” says Seyffer. “Green design and operation of buildings are especially important for countries with rapidly expanding cities and economies, such as China, as expansion without green design principles can be tremendously wasteful.” (2)

Improving the efficiency of fossil fuel power plants can cut down on air pollution substantially, as they are amongst the biggest air polluters. Fossil fuel plants can employ carbon capture and storage technology to reduce levels of carbon emission per unit of electricity generated. The smart design of combustion units can improve efficiency by using the thermal heat gained from one unit to power others, so limiting the loss of heat means less combustion and less pollution.

In terms of efficiency, it is difficult to get more energy efficient than drawing power from renewable resources. Once a renewable energy plant is installed it takes considerably less investment to keep it running, and it produces power from natural sources. This is particularly true of solar power, as solar power puts the energy the planet gets directly from the sun to use. Investing in renewable, alternative forms of energy is an excellent way to reduce air pollution.

Reducing Air Pollution With Energy Efficiency Works

Reducing air pollution with energy efficiency works and effectively reduces emissions, according to research done on the effectiveness of energy efficiency programs. The exact amount of emissions prevented will vary from place to place and program to program, but current estimates show a substantial reduction in levels of ambient air pollution by using more energy efficient methods.

“A 2015 study examines the effectiveness of an energy efficiency program China was instituting its cement industry, and it found that by 2030 the program will decrease levels of carbon dioxide in China by around 5-8%, levels of sulfur dioxide by around 15-25%, nitrogen oxide levels by 12-20% and particulate matter pollution levels by around 3-5%,” says Seyffer. (3)

A separate investigation was done by the Committee on Climate Change, investigating the results of an energy efficiency initiative in the UK. The initiative covered changes like draught-proofing, installing more efficient appliances, and increasing insulation. The CCC estimates that the improvements brought about by the initiative could reduce annual C02 emissions by almost 17 million tons by the year 2020.

It’s important to pursue the development of more energy efficient systems, as increased energy efficiency can reduce air pollution dramatically, even if the results are not immediately apparent to us.

Reducing air pollution with energy efficiency is a viable strategy, so contact Camfil USA Commercial Air Filter Company today. Camfil can provide you with information on improving your high energy efficiency and doing your part to fight air pollution. In many cases, simply changing air filters to a different configuration can save 30 to 40% in energy.

SOURCES:

1. http://www.enovaenergygroup.com/which-types-of-energy-source-produces-the-most-pollution/
2. https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2016/02/breaking-dome-energy-efficiency-chinese-cities-conquer-air-pollution/
3. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610215028568

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What You Really Need to Know about Air Pollution Monitoring and Measuring

Clean Air Solution by Camfil USA. Leader in Air Filters for Commercial and Industrial applications.

The monitoring of air pollution is necessary for the health and safety of our society, as knowledge of air pollution levels is required to safeguard people from the harmful effects of air pollution. Accurate measurements of air pollution levels must be taken in order to take informed steps in combating air pollution. How is air pollution monitoring and measuring achieved? What methods do environmental groups and regulatory bodies use to measure levels of indoor air pollution?

Air Pollutants That Must Be Monitored

The first step in getting an accurate measurement of air pollution levels is to define the air pollutants you are interested in measuring. The primary air pollutants measured by entities concerned with air pollution include particulate matter (including black carbon), nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone and volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide.

“Particulate matter pollution comes from a variety of sources, but all PM pollution refers to tiny liquid and solid particles in the air,” says Camfil’s Charlie Seyffer, Manager of Marketing & Technical Materials and 37-year ASHRAE member and active committee participant. “These particles are so small they can easily penetrate people’s lungs and bloodstreams, doing damage to the cardiovascular system. These particles are smaller than the width of a human hair and are known as PM10 and PM2.5. PM10 refers to particles smaller than 10 µm across while PM2.5 refers to particles smaller than 2.5 µm across. Particulate matter pollution includes black carbon, soot, dust, and other airborne particles.” (1)

Nitrogen oxide is an odorless and colorless gas that is primarily released by the combustion of fossil fuels in cars, heaters, and cooking appliances. It becomes nitrogen dioxide when it mixes with oxygen in the air, and nitrogen dioxide can cause shortness of breath and chest pain, as well as the exacerbation of asthma or other previously existing respiratory ailments. It is also a component of smog. Similarly, sulfur dioxide is a non-flammable and colorless gas which can irritate the eyes and lungs. It is mainly released by industrial processes, is thought to contribute to the development of asthma, and also contributes to smog.

Ground-level ozone is formed by the interaction of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), including nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide, with heat and sunlight in the atmosphere. This ozone can cause irreversible damage to the cardiovascular system in high enough quantities, and ozone is the primary contributor to photochemical smog. This smog not only harms people’s lungs but contributes to the greenhouse effect and global climate change.

“Carbon monoxide is odorless and colorless and it comes primarily from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels,” says Seyffer. “When there is adequate oxygen, carbon monoxide immediately becomes less harmful carbon dioxide. In certain conditions though, such as the idling of motor vehicles, there’s not enough oxygen in the immediate area and carbon monoxide is released. Carbon monoxide prevents the lungs from getting the oxygen they need, and as such can quickly lead to nausea, confusion, and death.” (2)

Air Pollution Measuring Strategies

A variety of air pollution measuring strategies are employed by air pollution regulation and monitoring entities. The EPA oversees the creation of various instruments and methods of detection for ambient air pollutants, including mobile air measurement systems and black carbon monitors.

Mobile air measurement systems are vehicles that have been fitted with real-time air pollution tracking instruments, which are used to determine emissions sources and levels of air pollution near industrial facilities, refineries, ports, rail yards, and large source areas in general.

“Ambient air quality monitoring devices are devices which take frequent samples of air in a location and measure them for levels of ambient air pollutants,” says Seyffer. “The data collected from ambient air pollution monitoring stations are usually sent back to a field station where calculations are done to determine how air pollutant levels are changing day to day.” (3)

The EPA also has a series of stationary source emissions detecting instruments. These are stationary devices that collect information about air pollutants released by stationary sources, such as manufacturing plants and industrial facilities. The measurements taken from stationary source emissions monitoring devices are usually combined with ambient air quality monitoring devices to get a clear picture of how individual sources are contributing to levels of ambient air pollution.

There is also specific air pollution measuring devices employed to measure pollutants from hard to measure sources. Since the early 2000s, the EPA has had emissions measuring devices which are used to measure particle pollution and black carbon pollution from aircraft, which have historically been difficult sources to detect.

New air pollution sensors and monitoring methods are being developed all the time, including systems to evaluate emissions from wildfires, such as helium balloons fitted with sensors, and the creation of monitors that are attached to digital billboards. These billboards are frequently placed near highways where air pollution is the worst, and make use of existing infrastructure and electricity to monitor air pollutants without needing more investment.

Implications of Air Pollution Monitoring and Measuring

The implications of air pollution monitoring and measuring include improved abilities to inform the public about the hazards of air pollution and develop strategies to reduce air pollution.

“The Air Quality Index (AQI) was created as a simple and straightforward system that will keep the public apprised of levels of air pollutants in their geographical location. The AQI is split into six different levels, which ascend according to the severity of air pollution and the associated health dangers,” says Seyffer. “The higher the level of the AQI, the greater the danger to public health. This system is only possible because of the continuous monitoring that air pollution measuring devices enable. If there is no system of measuring levels of ambient air pollution, the public cannot be adequately informed about the dangers of the air in their location.” (4)

The monitoring and measuring of air pollutants are also critical to the development of air pollution reduction strategies. Air pollution reduction strategies should target the areas with the worst air pollution, and focus on the most polluting sources, in order to be the most efficient and effective. Without the information collected by ambient air quality monitoring devices and source emissions monitoring devices, air pollution strategies could be severely off target.

Effective air pollution monitoring and measuring are important for the health and safety of the public and the environment. For this reason, it is important to support the development of new and more efficient air pollution measuring devices.

Camfil air filter product line  can help you protect your health by giving you more information about air pollution monitoring and measuring. Camfil can educate you about the dangerous pollutants that need monitoring, as well as provide you with the filters that will remove these pollutants from your home. Contact Camfil today, don’t wait when it comes to your health.

SOURCES

1. http://www.enviropedia.org.uk/Air_Quality/Particulates.php
2. http://www.enviropedia.org.uk/Air_Quality/Carbon_Monoxide.php
3. https://www.epa.gov/air-research/air-monitoring-measuring-and-emissions-research
4. http://www.air.dnr.state.ga.us/information/aqi.html

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The Traveling Of Air Pollution Around The World: How Air Pollutants From Far Away Can Harm You

Clean Air Solution by Camfil USA. Leader in Air Filters for Commercial and Industrial applications.

Many people think that air pollution is only in a hazard where it originates. However, in truth air pollution can travel around the world to harm people far away from its point of origin. The traveling of air pollution around the world means that the most prolific polluters can harm the health of people in areas which don’t pollute to the same extent. For this reason, it is important that all available methods of limiting air pollution be employed, as it protects not only the health of people immediately surrounding the source of pollution but people all around the world.

Air Pollutants Which Travel

The air pollutants which travel include particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide.

“Particulate matter, frequently referred to as particle pollution, is made out of tiny liquid or solid particles in the air. These air particles can get into people’s lungs and bloodstream, due to their small size,” explains Camfil’s Charlie Seyffer, Manager of Marketing & Technical Materials and 37-year ASHRAE member and active committee participant. “They can even ride the bloodstream up to the brain and cause brain damage. These particles are categorized as either PM10, which refers to particles 10 µm or smaller (smaller than the width of human hair), and PM2.5 which reflects particles that are 2.5 µm in size or smaller. Particulate matter pollution is one of the most dangerous types of pollution, and the World Health Organization says that levels of PM2.5 should be limited to 10 mcg/m³ or less.” (1)

Ozone is also a common air pollutant that can travel to other areas. Ozone is created through the interaction of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) with sunlight and heat. Ground-level ozone can do damage to people’s lungs, exacerbating conditions like asthma. Ground level ozone also contributes to the greenhouse effect.

Sulfur dioxide is commonly released by industrial processes, and it can exacerbate or cause asthma. It can also cause acid rain, which damages fragile ecosystems. Nitrogen dioxide is frequently released by the burning of fossil fuels, with cars being one of the primary sources. Nitrogen dioxide exposure can lead to hospital admissions through the aggravation of pre-existing respiratory conditions, and it can increase susceptibility to respiratory ailments in general. It also contributes to both acid rain and smog.

How Air Pollution Travels And Disburses

Research on how air pollution travels and disburses around the world has shown that air pollution from one source can affect areas across entire oceans. Air pollution is distributed largely by air patterns and wind cycles around the world, but precipitation and transportation of food can also distribute it.

Research published by the journal Nature Geoscience has found that ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide pollution from China has been making its way to the west coast of the United States. China is a massive source of pollution, increasing ozone levels within the troposphere by approximately 7% between 2005 and 2010.

“Due to the westerly winds, much of this air pollution finds its way across the Pacific to the West Coast of the U.S.,” says Seyffer. “So much air pollution has come from China that it has increased ozone pollution on the West Coast by about 43%, despite recent efforts to cut down air pollution by western states.” (2)

“Air pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can also be spread across the globe due to precipitation,” continues Seyffer. “These acidic gases can easily rise into the sky where they will mix with clouds, and these clouds move across national borders to other areas of the world where they deposit these acids through precipitation.” (3)

Another concern is the pollution which results from heavy metal air pollution, like particles of lead and mercury in the air. These persistent pollutants can accumulate on land or in bodies of water where they can be consumed by plants, fish or other animals. These polluted food sources can then be transported to other regions of the world where other people will ingest the tainted food supplies.

How to Prevent the Traveling of Air Pollution Around the World

Efforts to prevent the traveling of air pollution around the world should focus primarily on the largest polluters. The biggest sources of pollution naturally distribute the most pollution to other areas of the globe, so cleaning up areas with heavy pollution will clean up other areas as well.

Special attention should be paid to countries which are rapidly developing and industrializing, as developing regions of the world often have fewer regulations regarding air pollution. Rapidly industrializing countries such as China and India are amongst the biggest polluters, as their economies and populations are swiftly growing, but without the necessary regulations and technological innovation to limit air pollution.

Different pollution control strategies should be implemented alongside one another for maximum effect. Source control, technological invasion, and economic incentives can all be combined to reduce air pollution.

“Source control involves tackling pollution from the source, by using cleaner fuel sources and improving the efficiency of industrial processes to reduce the number of pollutants emitted,” says Camfil’s Seyffer. “Regulation is often an effective method of source control, by instituting limits on the number of pollutants an industry can release. This can be combined with economic incentives like cap and trade programs to further reduce air pollution levels.” (4)

Source control, regulation, and economic incentives can all be backed by technological innovation. The creation of alternative energy sources such as solar power, wind power, and hydropower can greatly reduce levels of air pollution. This has been seen in China which is aggressively pursuing the development of solar power and has managed to make substantial reductions in the air pollution levels of some of its provinces.

Investing in alternative energy sources for transportation is one of the best ways to combat air pollution, as the combustion of fossil fuels to power cars is the primary source of many air pollutants. Things like emissions capture devices and air scrubbers can also be employed to reduce emissions from industrial processes.

The traveling of air pollution around the world means you can be harmed by air pollutants, even if your local community doesn’t produce many pollutants. This is why it’s important to be vigilant about air pollutants. You should take precautions in your buildings, making sure that your HVAC system uses high-efficiency air filtration, the type that controls particulates and possibly the type that controls ozone and other gases. Camfil USA Air Filter Company can give you information on the air pollutants that can harm you, and provide you with filters to protect your health, so contact Camfil USA now.

SOURCES

1. http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/27/health/air-pollution-map-who/index.html
2. https://thinkprogress.org/chinas-air-pollution-is-traveling-to-the-united-states-e28f584cbb06/
3. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/air-pollution-china-is-spreading-across-pacific-us-180949395/
4. https://www.epa.gov/air-quality-management-process/managing-air-quality-control-strategies-achieve-air-pollution

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How We Can Establish Clean Air As A Human Right

Clean Air Solution by Camfil USA. Leader in Air Filters for Commercial and Industrial applications.

When people think of human rights, they often think of things like life, liberty, happiness, food, and water. Yet it is time to start thinking of clean air as a human right. After all, clean air is necessary for a person to live, so it is inextricably woven into the human right to life. Air pollution kills millions of people every year, but the enforcement of air pollution standards has helped save thousands of lives since they have been passed. How can we encourage stricter air pollution standards?  Stricter air pollution standards could be achieved by framing clean air as a human right.

Air Pollution Damages People’s Health

Making a case for air pollution as a human right means being informed about how air pollution damages people’s health. Air pollution creates millions of cases of hospitalizations and deaths from diseases associated with pollutant exposure every year. The pollutants that do the most damage to human health are what the EPA refers to as criteria air pollutants.

The EPA’s criteria air pollutants are: particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and lead.

Particulate matter refers to tiny particles, some smaller than 2.5 microns across. They are a mixture of both solid and liquid particles, and because they are so small they can penetrate into people’s lungs and bloodstreams, doing substantial damage to people’s respiratory system. Particulate matter exposure has been correlated with higher rates of lung cancer.

Both sulfur and nitrogen dioxide are clear gases which are released by the combustion of fossil fuels in industrial furnaces and by vehicles. These airborne pollutants can lead to conditions such as chronic bronchitis, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat.

Ozone is created through the interactions of volatile organic compounds with heat and sunlight. It can lead to the exacerbation of asthma, and possibly the development of asthma and other respiratory ailments.

Lead and carbon monoxide is particularly dangerous to people. Carbon monoxide exposure can kill people very quickly by depriving people of the oxygen they need, and lead can damage people’s entire nervous system, kidneys, and brains.

Good Air Quality Should Be A Human Right

Good Air quality should be a human right because it is impossible to stop one person or company’s air pollution from harming other people. Air pollution distributes itself out into the air, making it a problem for not just people in the immediate area of the pollution, but for people in other areas as well.

According to estimates from the World Health Organization, air pollution kills around 4.6 million people a year. The diseases that harm people include diseases like emphysema as well as heart and lung diseases. Preventing these air pollution-related diseases from harming people is possible through regulation and technological innovation, but convincing governmental bodies and industry to invest in the reduction of air pollution is often difficult.

It is necessary to portray clean air as a human right because it will motivate people to pursue improvements in the quality of air around the world.

A recent report from the Seattle Journal of Environmental Law says we need to paint the fight for clean air as a fight for human rights, as doing so will make policymakers pay more attention to air pollution issues. Both governmental bodies, as well as industrial companies, pay more attention to human rights issues than issues that are perceived as having less to do with human well-being. Failure to pay attention to human rights issues often results in public backlash, which means there are stronger incentives to pursue human rights issues.

If clean air is categorized as a human right, it also creates a perceived relationship between clean air activists and society as a whole.

Establishing Clean Air As A Human Right

Establishing clean air as a human right involves promoting clean air through a combination of emissions regulations and technological innovations. Standards created to limit emissions can be backed by technologies that make the reduction of air pollution emissions easier and less effortful.

Constructing positive incentives for politicians to pursue air pollution regulation can lead to the creation of stricter air pollution standards. If clean air is seen as a human right, politicians who fight for reductions in air pollution will be seen as fighting for the benefit of society. It is also important to recognize that reducing air pollution will save the economy money on healthcare costs, which is an extra incentive to reduce emissions of air pollution.

“Air pollution standards can be met more easily if pollution reduction technologies are invented and improved upon,” says Kevin Wood, Vice President Sales & Marketing at Camfil USA

. “Pollutants from motor vehicles are one of the primary contributors to air pollution, so investing in less polluting vehicles like electric or hybrid cars can greatly reduce air pollution levels.” (3)

More efficient home appliances like air conditioners can also cut down on energy demands and by extension the air pollution that comes from power plants. Alternative forms of energy like solar energy should also be considered. Air pollution from industry smokestacks can be reduced through the creation of more efficient air scrubbers and emissions capturing devices.

It is extremely important to contextualize clean air as a human right, as it is one of the most effective ways to begin the reduction of air pollution around the world.

Camfil can help you promote clean air as a human right. Contact Camfil now to learn how you can contact politicians and advocate for clean air. Camfil can also provide you with industrial grade air filter products  that can protect you from indoor air pollutants.

SOURCES:

1. https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants
2. http://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1058&context=sjel&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dshould%2Bclean%2Bair%2Bbe%2Ba%2Bhuman%2Bright%26safe%3Dstrict%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26oq%3Dshould%2Bclean%2Bair%2Bbe%2Ba%2Bhuman%2Bright%26gs_l%3Dheirloom-serp.3…20173.33416.0.33514.58.43.12.0.0.0.386.4322.24j15j0j1.40.0….0…1.1.34.heirloom-serp..16.42.3359.WqtM2TO3deY#search=%22should%20clean%20air%20human%20right%22
3. https://energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/reducing-pollution-electric-vehicles

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Why Understanding The Air Quality Index Is So Important for Your Health

Clean Air Solution by Camfil USA. Leader in Air Filters for Commercial and Industrial applications.

The EPA maintains a system of rating the safety of the air in a given area, called the Air Quality Index. Understanding the Air Quality Index is important because it gives people vital information about the conditions of the air in their location and how the quality of the air in their city can impact their health. How does the EPA’s Air Quality Index work?

Why The Air Quality Index Is Needed

“The air quality index is needed to provide a metric for warning citizens about the dangers of air pollution at varying levels of intensity,” says Kevin Wood, Vice President Sales & Marketing

at Camfil USA. “Air pollution is one of the primary causes of health ailments and premature death in the world. The World Health Organization estimates that ambient outdoor air pollution kills around three million people every year.”  (1)

The most common air pollutants found outdoors include what the EPA categorizes as criteria air pollutants. These criteria air pollutants are ground-level ozone, particulate matter, lead, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.

Ozone pollution comes from the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that interact with sunlight and heat to form ground-level ozone, a key ingredient of smog. Ozone pollution can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat and do lasting to people’s lungs.

“Particulate matter air pollution consists of fine particles, smaller than 2.5 microns in size, that are small enough to penetrate people’s lungs and bloodstream. Particulate matter pollution can cause or exacerbate heart and lung conditions and increase a person’s chance of developing lung cancer,” explains Wood. (2)

Both sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are emitted by industrial facilities and cars. They can exacerbate respiratory ailments like asthma, and are thought to be contributors to asthma and air pollution-related visits to the emergency room. High levels of exposure can reduce lung function permanently.

Carbon monoxide is released into the air primarily by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Carbon monoxide is colorless and odorless, and when inhaled in large amounts it can easily lead to confusion, dizziness, and death.

Though levels of atmospheric lead have decreased by around 98% since 1980, lead can still be found in the atmosphere and exposure to it can cause a variety of problems. Lead can impact kidney function, the entire nervous system, the immune system, and lead to developmental problems in children.

Due to the dangers of ambient air pollution, a system for warning citizens about abnormally high and dangerous levels of ambient air pollution is necessary.

How The Air Quality Index Works

“The Air Quality Index works by assigning the air in a particular geographic area one of six different rankings, depending on the level of atmospheric air pollutants present in the region’s air,” says Wood. “The rankings run from Good air quality to Hazardous air quality. Each ranking has a corresponding number value as well as a color.” (3)

The first ranking in the AQI represents Good air quality, is represented by the color green, and contains the values 0 to 50 in its range. Air found in the Good category poses little to no risk for the health of the general population.

The second category of the AQI contains acceptable or Moderate air quality, and it is represented by the color yellow. It contains the values 51 to 100 and means that the air is generally safe, but those who are sensitive to air pollution should be cautious, as they may experience respiratory symptoms.

The third category of the AQI represents air that is “unhealthy for sensitive groups,” and is symbolized by the color orange. It contains the values 101 to 150 and it means that although the general public is not likely to be negatively impacted by the air, sensitive groups like older adults and children are at risk from exposure to particles present in the air.

Section four of the AQI is symbolized by the color red and denotes air that is Unhealthy. It contains the values 151 to 200, and at this level, the air can start having adverse health effects on the entire population, while people and sensitive groups can experience much more serious effects. A recent example of elevated AQI within this range was the wildfires prevalent this year in California. In many areas, it was recommended that residents wear filter masks to prevent breathing the contaminated air from the wildfires, sometimes carried hundreds of miles by atmospheric winds.

The fifth section of the AQI is denoted by the color purple, and it contains the values 201 to 300. This ranking means that the air is Very Unhealthy, and the entire population can experience more severe health impacts.

The final section of the AQI is denoted by the color maroon, and it contains the values 301 to 500. Air in this range is categorized as Hazardous, and at this level, an emergency alert would usually be broadcast about the hazardous conditions. The entire population is likely to be affected by the air quality, and immediate steps should be taken to protect oneself from the air as it can quickly cause health problems.

Understanding The Air Quality Index and Using It

Understanding the air quality Index and using it to protect yourself means staying up-to-date on air quality forecasts for your specific location. Depending on the air quality index for your geographical location, you will want to take different steps to protect your health.

At the first couple levels of the AQI, it is unlikely that you will need to take special precautions to protect your health unless you suffer from preexisting respiratory conditions.

Starting at the “unhealthy for sensitive groups” and continuing into the Unhealthy category, you should start taking precautions to protect yourself, especially if you are sensitive to air pollutants. You should limit your activity outdoors if you can, and if you must be outside, do so late in the day or early in the morning when air pollution levels are at their lowest.

“At the Very Unhealthy and Hazardous levels, you should limit time spent outdoors if possible, only going out when it is absolutely necessary,” says Wood. “Stay away from freeways and major centers of traffic, and go out when pollution levels are lowest. You can employ industrial grade facemasks to limit the amount of pollution you breathe. You will also want to invest in quality air filters and purifiers for your home, and as always understanding the air quality index is critical for your health.” (4)

Understanding the Air Quality Index is important because it keeps you informed about how to protect your health. Camfil can provide you with the filters you need to protect your health when air pollution is at its worst, or at any time, so contact Camfil USA for your air filtration needs today.

Sources:

1. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/250141/1/9789241511353-eng.pdf
2. https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants
3. https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.aqi
4. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/03/170323084131.htm

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Diseases Caused By Air Pollution – Risk Factors and Control Methods

Clean Air Solution by Camfil USA. Leader in Air Filters for Commercial and Industrial applications.

Air pollution leads to environmental damage, but it can also harm the health of people. Some of the most common ailments in the world are diseases caused by air pollution. Air pollution can cause respiratory diseases, due to the pollutants people breathe in, yet it can also impact other areas of the body as well, like people’s hearts. What are the most common diseases caused by air pollution? How can air pollution be reduced to protect people from these diseases?

Most Common Diseases Caused By Air Pollution

Diseases caused by air pollutants kill and hospitalize millions of people every year. Estimates by the World Health Organization imply that one out of every eight deaths in the world is due to conditions associated with air pollution. New research has established stronger links between both outdoor and indoor air pollution and the development of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The most common diseases caused by air pollution include ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and acute lower respiratory infections in children.

“Ischemic heart disease, or coronary heart disease, is linked with the buildup of calcium or other materials like fat within the coronary artery,” explains says Kevin Wood, Vice President Sales & Marketing at Camfil USA. “This leads to blockages which prevent blood from reaching the heart and other areas of the body. Recent research indicates that air pollution accelerates the blockage of arteries, leading to increased incidences of ischemic heart disease.” (1)

Particulate air pollution has been linked with strokes, which occur when the blood supply to the brain is cut-off. Strokes can easily lead to brain damage or death.

COPD refers to not a single disease, but multiple diseases which make it difficult to breathe. These diseases include bronchitis and emphysema, and both conditions can be caused by damage to the lungs from air pollutants.

Lung cancer is the uncontrolled division of cells within the lungs, and it is associated with air pollutants, especially particulate matter pollution, and secondhand smoke.

Lower respiratory infections often manifest as pneumonia, though they can show up as other ailments as well. Children are especially vulnerable to developing acute lower respiratory tract infections because their bodies and lungs are still developing, and emissions of soot and other pollutants hit them harder than adults.

Air Pollutants That Cause Disease

The air pollutants that cause disease include what the EPA has categorized as “Criteria Air Pollutants.” These are the air pollutants that are the most abundant in the atmosphere, and consequently, they do the most damage to human health. These air pollutants have been singled out by the EPA as needing special attention to keep their levels within acceptable limits. The criteria air pollutants include Lead, Ozone, Particulate Matter, Nitrogen Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, and Sulfur Dioxide.

Lead used to be ubiquitous in the air, but since the passing of the Clean Air Act levels of lead in the air have declined by 98%, at least in the U.S. Lead can damage the nervous system, kidneys, and brain.

Particulate matter pollution is one of the main sources of the various diseases associated with air pollution. Particulate matter refers to tiny particles, both liquids, and solids, which exist in the air. The particles are so small they can penetrate both the lungs and bloodstream and do considerable damage. Particulate matter can come from a variety of sources, but the combustion of fossil fuels is one of the primary contributors to particulate matter air pollution.

“Ozone is a beneficial chemical when it is located in the upper atmosphere, as it protects the Earth from the sun’s ultraviolet radiation,” says Wood. “When ozone is at ground level it is a toxic pollutant and one of the key ingredients of smog. Ozone is often formed by the interaction of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) with sunlight and heat.” (2)

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are colorless gases released by the combustion of fossil fuels, or by industrial processes. Both chemicals can damage the lungs and airway, leading to the exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases in those with pre-existing conditions. Nitrogen dioxide is also thought to be one of the causes of asthma.

“Carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas that comes from the incomplete burning of fossil fuels,” says Wood. “Frequently released by cars and industrial facilities, carbon monoxide prevents people from getting oxygen, so it can lead to confusion, nausea and even death rather quickly.” (3)

Risk Factors for Air Pollution Diseases

“Risk factors for air pollution diseases include lifestyle habits and geographical location. Both indoor and outdoor air pollutants harm people,” explains Wood. “Exposure to indoor air pollutants often comes from using coal, wood, or biomass to cook food. According to WHO estimates, many of the 4.3 million deaths that occurred due to air pollution in 2012 were linked to cooking with dirty fuels.” (4)

Outdoor air pollution levels are worse in areas of the world that are undergoing rapid industrialization. Industrializing nations often have fewer regulations on emissions. Massive population centers with unsustainable emissions policies are the highest risk areas to live.

Stopping Diseases Caused by Air Pollution

Stopping diseases caused by air pollution means implementing smart control strategies, such as instituting emissions standards and creating technology that will reduce emissions.

The EPA recommends source control as one of the best strategies to reduce air pollution. Source control involves stopping pollution at its source by doing things like improving the efficiency of industrial processes and using less polluting fuels.

“Employing technology that reduces emissions is another way to improve overall air quality,” says Wood. “Scrubbers on smokestacks, filters, electrostatic precipitators, and mechanical collectors on tailpipes are all ways of limiting air pollution through technological innovation. Innovations in clean air technology can be combined with economic incentives, like emissions trading and emissions caps. This encourages companies to adopt clean energy technology.” (5)

Implementing emissions limiting strategies will usually also benefit the economy, as the society will have to spend less money on healthcare costs associated with diseases caused by air pollution.

The diseases caused by air pollution lead to shorter lives and they make those lives unhappier and tougher in the meantime. For these reasons, we should do all we can to reduce air pollution and stop the diseases associated with them.

When geographic conditions dictate poor air quality because of the proximity of pollution produced by factories or other contributors, building owners can address building occupant concerns by ensuring quality, high-efficiency air filters are used in the HVAC systems. Air filters can handle particles down to sub-micron size and even ozone, the main culprit in areas of susceptible to periodic high smog levels.

Camfil provides high-quality filter solutions that will protect you from air pollutants and the diseases caused by air pollution. Be proactive about ensuring your health and contact Camfil USA distributor near you today.

SOURCES

http://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/causes/en/

http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/environment/air/Pages/ozone.aspx

http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/environment/air/Pages/carbon-monoxide.aspx

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/air-pollution/en/

https://www.epa.gov/air-quality-management-process/managing-air-quality-control-strategies-achieve-air-pollution

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The Most Important Air Pollution Terms You Should Know

Clean Air Solution by Camfil USA. Leader in Air Filters for Commercial and Industrial applications.

It is important to become familiar with all the terms that people use to discuss air pollution. If you are not familiar with all the air pollution terms you should know, it will be difficult to learn a lot about the more complex topics regarding air pollution. You have to know the basics about air pollution before you can start learning about advanced concepts.  

Air Pollution Terms You Should Know Regarding Outdoor Air Pollutants

“Much of the conversation revolving around air pollution involves outdoor air pollution,” says stated Camfil’s Charlie Seyffer, Manager of Marketing & Technical Materials and 37-year ASHRAE member and active committee participant. “The air pollution terms you should know regarding outdoor air pollutants largely cover the various types of outdoor air pollutants and systems of measurement. The most common are pollutants are what the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has termed ‘Criteria Air Pollutants’.” (1)

Anthropogenic Emissions: Anthropogenic means human created, so this term refers to emissions that come from man-made sources and human activity, as opposed to air pollutants which come from natural sources.

Criteria Air Pollutants: The Clean Air Act of 1970 defined six different air pollutants as “criteria air pollutants”,  or the pollutants which do the most damage to human health and are the most ubiquitous. These pollutants include lead, carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and particulate matter.

Mobile Sources: Mobiles sources are sources of emissions that move, such as trucks, buses, cars, planes, and trains.   

NOx: Nitrogen oxides come from the combustion of fossil fuels, and they can interact with volatile organic compounds in the air to create ground-level ozone.

Ozone: Ozone is beneficial in the upper atmosphere, as it protects the Earth from harmful radiation from the sun. At ground level ozone is a pollutant, and it can harm people’s lungs. It is a major part of smog, and it contributes to the greenhouse effect.

Particulate Matter: Particulate matter refers to tiny liquid and solid particles in the air. The particles are so small they can enter a person’s lungs and bloodstream causing damage to their health. Particulate matter is divided into three categories. PM10 refers to particulates less than 10 microns in size (smaller than the width of a human hair), PM2.5 refers to matter smaller than 2.5 microns in size and PM1 refers to particulate matter smaller than 1 micron in size.  

Point Sources: Point sources are stationary sources of pollution that release massive amounts of air pollution. Point sources have specific locations, like smokestacks from industrial plants, and they release emissions in quantities that go above the specified threshold for emissions.

Smog: Smog is made out of a combination of different pollutants, such as particulate matter and nitrogen oxides, though it is mainly ground-level ozone.
VOCs: Volatile Organic Compounds are dangerous vapors like industrial chemicals, and they can react with other chemicals in the atmosphere to produce harmful byproducts like ground-level ozone.

Air Pollution Terms You Should Know Concerning Air Pollution Control

“There are a variety of different control methods, regulations, and systems of measurement created to control air pollution,” says Seyffer. “The air pollution terms you should know concerning air pollution control provide a common language to discuss standards and emission control strategies. Emission control strategies typically focus on reducing emissions through regulation, such as the Clean Air Act and through pursuing the use of alternative fuel vehicles.” (2)

Air Quality Index (AQI): The Air Quality Index is a system created by the Environmental Protection Agency to provide a coherent way of advising the public on the state of air pollution levels. It is color-coded and runs from healthy to hazardous air, and with each level, the dangers posed by air pollution grows greater.

Alternative Fuel: Alternative fuels are fuels that can replace traditional fossil fuels, which are large sources of pollution. Alternative fuels include things like compressed natural gas, electricity, and ethanol.

Control Techniques, Measures, Strategies: Control strategies refer to larger plans that integrate many methods of pollution control, while techniques and methods refer to smaller scale single actions that can be taken to reduce air pollution.

CAA: The Clean Air Act was passed in 1970 to improve the overall ambient air quality. Revisions to the act were made in 1990, and most discussions of the CAA reference the amended Clean Air Act of 1990.

EI: An Emissions Inventory is a thorough and detailed account of all the sources of pollution in a given area, as well as all of their recorded emissions.

HOV: High Occupancy Vehicle lanes are lanes on highways designated for use by vehicles with two or more people. They encourage carpooling and mass transit thus reducing the number of pollutants introduced by automobiles.

I/M Program: Inspection and Maintenance programs are created to determine the number of emissions a vehicle is emitting, as well as to ensure that the emission control systems in the vehicle are functioning correctly.

NAAQS: The National Ambient Air Quality Standards are limits set on levels of ambient air pollution, based upon the EPA’s knowledge of the environmental and health impacts that result from the various air pollutants.

Remote Sensing: Remote sensing is a method of identifying which vehicles pollute the most. It uses a device that tracks emissions from tailpipes with sophisticated sensors.

Air Pollution Terms You Should Know Relating to HVAC Systems

“Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems exist to regulate, heat, cool, ventilate with fresh or filtered air and provide good indoor air quality,” says Seyffer.

“The air pollution terms you should know relating to HVAC systems cover their operation, installation, and management. HVAC systems should contain air filters to reduce the level of harmful pollutants found indoors or introduced through ventilation air from outdoors.” (3)

Air Filtration System: An air filtration system is a device designed to remove harmful particle and air pollutants from the air in a building.

Capacity: Capacity means the producing capability or the air output of heating and cooling units.

Compressor: A compressor is the essential component of a heat pump or air conditioning unit. In air conditioners, it is what pumps the refrigerant that cools the air, and it has to maintain adequate pressure at all times so that the refrigerant can move into the air in sufficient amounts

Ductwork: Ductwork refers to the conduits that allow air to flow through a building and they are usually made out of metal.

HEPA Filter: HEPA filters are High-Efficiency Particulate Air filters, which are capable of removing sub-micron particles from the air. HEPA filters can remove around 99.9% of all unwanted particles from the air in a building.

Indoor/Outdoor System: Refers to systems that consist of components both inside and outside of a building.

Understanding the critical air pollution terms you should know is vital for your health, and it impacts your understanding of warnings about air pollution.  

Now that you are familiar with the basic air pollution terms you should know, Camfil, a leader in HEPA air filters can provide you with more in-depth information on air pollution. Contact Camfil now for information on how to best protect yourself from air pollutants and to purchase air filters for your HVAC system.

SOURCES

1. http://www.capcog.org/documents/airquality/OzoneAdvanceOutreach/GlossaryOfAQTerms.pdf
2. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/mt/home/?cid=nrcs144p2_056475
3. https://www.americanstandardair.com/resources/glossary.html

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Air Pollution Near Daycares Is A Serious Threat To Children’s Health

Clean Air Solution by Camfil USA. Leader in Air Filters for Commercial and Industrial applications.

In densely packed urban areas, sometimes facilities like schools and daycares are built without much thought given to their location. This results in a situation where air pollution near daycares can be intense, harming the children who attend them. What are the primary sources of the air pollution near daycares? How can the polluted air be cleaned up to ensure the safety of daycare children?

Daycares Located Near Highways

In many cities around the country, space is at a premium, which means that frequently daycares and schools can end up being constructed near major thoroughfares like freeways and highways. It is thought that one in every eleven public schools in the United States is located within 500 feet of a major freeway or highway, and potentially, even more, daycares located near highways.

Schools and daycares located near highways are exposed to higher levels of air pollution than facilities built away from highways, hence the creation of the 500-foot target to help ensure the safety of children.

“In California alone, there are over 150 schools located within 500 feet of high traffic roadways,” says Kevin Wood, Camfil USA Vice President Sales & Marketing. “In response to this problem, the California state government passed a law in 2003 that prohibited the construction of new schools within 500 feet of a major road. Yet many schools already exist within this zone, and the law also does not apply to daycares, 169 of which in the Los Angeles County are located within that 500 regions.” (1)

Preschools located in public elementary schools are included in the law, but unfortunately, they are only a small percentage of the total of daycares or early education centers. Many daycares are non-profits and operated out of homes, which would make enforcing the law difficult.

Daycares and schools all over the country are built near major roadways, with some states not having the kinds of laws that California has to protect children. Part of the reason the problem is so widespread is that school districts purchase cheap land by highways to build schools for a low expense and that the dangers of pollution from roadways are often not well understood by parents.Air Pollution Near Daycares Impacts Children’s Health

Air pollution near daycares impacts children’s health in a variety of damaging ways. Pollutants such as ground-level ozone, particle pollution, and air toxins like nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide can harm the health of children.

Particle pollution, which is also referred to a particular matter or PM, refers to liquid and solid particles that come from sources like combustion. The nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide released by cars can cause problems like lung and heart disease, the aggravation of asthma, impaired overall lung function, and irregular heartbeat.

“The EPA warns that those who live or attend daycares or schools near major roadways often face higher incidences of cardiovascular disease, higher rates of asthma, and premature death,” says NAME, POSITION at Camil. “These problems are magnified in children, whose bodies are still developing. Air pollution can impair lung development in children, and lead to childhood leukemia.” (2)

Researchers at the University of Southern California found that there were clear signs of reduced lung function in children between the ages of 10 and 18 who attended school within 500 feet of major roadways.

Low-income neighborhoods are disproportionately impacted by air pollution and air toxins from vehicles. Poor minority children are three times more likely to live in areas of high vehicle traffic than more affluent white children.

Protecting Children From Air Pollution Near Daycares

Protecting children from air pollution near daycares is a complicated task, with no easy solutions, but it’s extremely important to do it. There are various emission control strategies that can be used to cut down on air pollution near daycares and schools. Some of the strategies include regulation, environmental landscaping, changing commuting habits, and using efficient air filters to remove the contaminants before they enter the building.

In the future, regulations will have to be created that limit the construction of daycares and schools near areas of heavy traffic. Laws like California’s law that prohibit the building of schools in 500 feet of major roadways will have to be initiated, although regulation by itself is not enough and should not be solely relied upon.

Research has implied that the planting of trees, shrubbery, and other foliage help to reduce fine particle pollution from constant traffic. Children should be kept inside when air quality forecasts say that air pollution is particularly harmful that day.

“Changing commuting habits and carpooling, upgrading bus fleets to buses that use cleaner technology, and reducing vehicle idling can all cut down on air pollution as well,” says Camfil’s POSITION, NAME.  “Using air filters is one of the best ways to ensure indoor air quality, although filters do not help when children are outside. Upgrading filtration systems should be a point of focus for school districts and by home-run daycares.” (3)

While air pollution near daycares is a difficult problem to deal with, it is imperative to the health of children that the problem is dealt with. The various means of reducing air pollution can and should be employed alongside one another to protect children’s health.

Camfil can provide you with more information about the dangers of air pollution near daycares and the best methods to protect your child. Camfil can also provide you with high-efficiency filters that remove 99.9% of particles from the air. They can also provide some guidance, contact Camfil for a copy of their Air Filtration for Schools Brochure today.

Lynne Laake

Camfil USA Air Filters

T: 888.599.6620,

E:Lynne.Laake@camfil.com

F: Friend  Camfil USA on Facebook

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Y: Watch Camfil Videos on YouTube

L: Follow our LinkedIn Page

SOURCE Camfil.us

SOURCES

http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/03/29/58878/pollution-near-preschools-is-impacting-nearly-10-0/

https://www.epa.gov/mobile-source-pollution/how-mobile-source-pollution-affects-your-health

https://www.epa.gov/schools/best-practices-reducing-near-road-air-pollution-exposure-schools

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The Hidden Hazards Of Indoor Air Pollution From Ozone

Clean Air Solution by Camfil USA. Leader in Air Filters for Commercial and Industrial applications.

Though ozone is often thought of as something that exists in the upper atmosphere, or as an outdoor air pollutant, ozone pollution can occur in the home. Indoor air pollution from ozone can be very dangerous to people’s health, and many people are unaware of both the dangers of ozone exposure as well as the common sources of indoor ozone. It’s important to be knowledgeable about the primary sources of indoor ozone, as well as the steps you can take to reduce your exposure to ozone.

The Formation Of Ozone

Ozone is only harmful when it is at ground level where people can breathe it in. In the upper atmosphere (the stratosphere), ozone is a beneficial chemical which shields us from the ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun. The formation of ozone in the lower atmosphere occurs when sunlight hits certain air pollutants. These air pollutants are catalyzed by the sunlight and turn into O3, or ozone.

“Ground level ozone, or tropospheric ozone, is primarily created when emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as nitrogen oxides interact in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight and heat,” says Camfil’s Charlie Seyffer, Manager of Marketing & Technical Materials

. “Volatile organic compounds are dangerous by themselves, and so are nitrogen oxides, but when these two air pollutants are exposed to sunlight they turn into tropospheric ozone.”  (1)

Cars, trucks, and other fossil fuel burning devices can emit large amounts of volatile organic compounds, and VOCs can also come from certain consumer products like paints, solvents, and insecticides. Nitrogen oxide is a primary byproduct of the combustion of fossil fuels burned in vehicle engines and in industrial power plants.

The smog created by ozone can infiltrate houses, turning the photochemical byproduct into a hazardous indoor air pollutant. However, this isn’t the only way for indoor air pollution from ozone to occur. Ozone can also be formed in the home by some types of air cleaning products. These products are intended to neutralize harmful indoor air pollutants but can emit ozone by doing so, which is itself harmful.

The Hazards of Air Pollution from Ozone

The hazards of air pollution from ozone include damage to people’s lungs and cardiovascular system. Exposure to ozone can impair lung function, making it more difficult to breathe deeply and lead to the development of respiratory diseases.

“Ozone exposure can easily aggravate and exacerbate already existing lung conditions like emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis,” says Seyffer. “It can increase the likelihood that an asthma attack will happen, and may even contribute to the development of asthma. Ozone exposure also makes lung tissue more vulnerable to infection. It can lead to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the damage it does to the lungs can continue even when the initial symptoms of exposure have disappeared.” (2)

Short-term but intense exposure to ozone is also thought to contribute to the possibility of death from a variety of respiratory illnesses.

The damage caused by ozone comes from the fact that ozone causes the muscles found in the respiratory system to constrict, which traps air in the air pockets, or alveoli, of the lungs. The people who are most vulnerable to ozone exposure include those with pre-existing conditions such as asthma, the elderly, children, those who spend long periods of time outdoors, and people with genetic predispositions.

Products that Cause Indoor Air Pollution from Ozone

There are a variety of products that cause indoor air pollution from ozone. These products include but are not limited to certain air purifiers, laundry water treatment appliances, facial steamers, and automated vegetable washers.

One of the most common sources of indoor air pollution from ozone is air purifiers intended to control indoor air pollution.

“Ozone air purifiers are intended to work by altering the charge of particles of air pollution so that the particles are attracted to each other and rendered harmless,” says Seyffer. “However, the high-voltage system used to ionize the air particles also converts some of the oxygen in the air into ozone. Research into these product suggests that they are ineffective in removing indoor air contaminants.” (3)

Any products that emit ozone in the home should be used with care or not used at all. It is difficult to avoid exposure to products that emit ozone because of the close proximity of residents to these ozone-emitting devices.

“The EPA has standards regarding safe levels of ozone exposure, but in reality controlled studies have demonstrated that emissions from some household products exceed recommended safe levels,” says Seyffer. “It can be very difficult to control ozone exposure while using an ozone generator. This is due to the fact that not all ozone air purifiers are made with the same standards, and thus they may be more or less powerful and emit varying degrees of ozone. This makes it difficult to monitor ozone levels to ensure they are below the safety threshold. Air also circulates throughout the home through ventilation systems, spreading ozone to other rooms.” (4)

Stopping Indoor Air Pollution From Ozone

Stopping indoor air pollution from ozone should be done by using safer methods of reducing indoor air pollution, and by remaining informed about which products can create ozone as a byproduct.

If possible, you should avoid using consumer products that emit ozone. Read the manuals of products like air purifiers carefully to see if it might emit ozone. If a product does release ozone, consider using alternative methods of controlling indoor air pollution.

There are three different methods of controlling indoor air pollutants: source control, ventilation, and air cleaning. Source control refers to reducing possible sources of air pollution, like minimizing the use of polluting products. This is accomplished through actions like cleaning regularly to remove dust and moisture, and cooking with methods that minimize smoke.

Air ventilation is also effective, assuming that the area you live in is not heavily polluted. Windows can be opened and ventilation systems can draw in outside air to reduce the concentration of air pollutants indoors. Air cleaning refers to using methods like air filters and gas absorbing materials to remove pollutants out of the air. The use of air filters that include activated carbon is very effective at removing ozone from the air.

Indoor air pollution from ozone can harm you and your family, so it is of the utmost importance to avoid products that release ozone and to reduce concentrations of ozone through source control, ventilation, and air cleaning.

If you need help determining which home products can release ozone, or need to purchase filters to clean your air without ozone air purifiers, contact Camfil as soon as possible. Camfil can help you reduce indoor air pollution from ozone and ensure the health of your family.

 

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The Dangerous Effects of Air Pollution on Children’s Health

Clean Air Solution by Camfil USA. Leader in Air Filters for Commercial and Industrial applications.

The effects of air pollution on children’s health are much more pronounced than its effects on the health of adults. Air pollution represents a special danger to children, as it can do more harm to them with less exposure. Why is it that children are so easily harmed by air pollution? What steps can be taken to protect the health of children from the effects of air pollution?

The Most Common Air Pollutants Likely to Impact People

The most common air pollutants likely to impact people include a host of indoor air pollutants, as well as the criteria air pollutants that impact outdoor air quality as defined by the EPA.

“Common indoor air pollutants include carbon monoxide, radon, secondhand smoke, dust, lead, and mold,” says Charles Seyffer | Manager of Marketing & Technical Materials at

Camfil. “Carbon monoxide can be emitted by fossil fuel burning devices like heaters that burn fuel incompletely, radon is a colorless gas that is naturally emitted from the earth as uranium in the soil breaks down, lead particles can be released by lead paint in older houses, as well as lead pipes, and mold can grow from standing moisture in areas like air vents and basements.” (1)

The EPA has defined six criteria air pollutants. These are pollutants that are the most pervasive pollutants found in outdoor air and they do the most damage to human health. These criteria air pollutants are ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and also lead.

“Carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide are released primarily by the burning of fossil fuels to power cars, buses, and trucks,” says Seyffer. “Sulfur dioxide is primarily released by the burning of sulfur or sulfur containing materials at industrial facilities. Ground-level ozone is created by the interaction of sunlight and volatile organic compounds or nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere, and particulate matter in general forms in the atmosphere as a result of chemical reactions between the varying pollutants.” (2)

Impacts of Air Pollutants on People’s Health

The impacts of air pollutants on people’s health mainly consist of damage to people’s respiratory system, and irritation of the eyes, throat, and nose. However, depending upon the pollutant and the severity of a person’s exposure to the pollutant, other health damage may occur.

“Carbon monoxide is one of most dangerous indoor air pollutants, as it can easily lead to death in high concentrations, and at lower concentrations, it can cause headaches and nausea,” states Seyffer. “Lead can cause both brain and nerve damage, especially in children, as well as kidney damage and anemia. Radon can cause lung cancer, and so can environmental tobacco smoke. Tobacco smoke can also cause pneumonia and bronchitis, particularly in children.” (3)

Biological agents that hide in household dust and pet dander, or mold can all cause allergic reactions, as well as the exacerbation of asthma symptoms, and increased vulnerability to flu and other infectious diseases. Nitrogen oxide exposure can cause an increased risk for respiratory infections in children, and ozone exposure can cause permanent lung damage as well as respiratory tract infections. Sulfur dioxide can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat, as well as increase the chance of developing asthma.

Children’s Greater Health Risk From Air Pollution

Children are at much greater risk for harm from air pollutants. Children’s greater health risk from air pollution is due to several factors, such as their behavior and their physiology.

One of the reasons that children are uniquely susceptible to air pollutants is that they have unique behaviors that adults don’t have.  Children often play in the dust or crawl on the ground, kicking up dust and dirt which can easily carry large amounts of toxic substances. Children frequently put things like toys, their hands, or other objects into their mouths, meaning that they are ingesting potentially harmful chemicals.

Children also tend to spend much more time outdoors than adults do, increasing their exposure to outdoor air pollutants. They are more physically active as well, and the increased breathing during exercise means they inhale more pollutants.

“Another reason that children are easily harmed by air pollutants is that they’re still developing and are unique physiologically,” explains Seyffer. “Children breathe in, drink, and eat more substances relative to their body size, and they haven’t had time to develop the biological defenses that adults have.” (4)

Their developing immune system, metabolism, and lungs are at particular risk from pollutants. Our brains have protective barriers surrounding them, but this barrier isn’t fully developed in children. In addition, their nasal passages can’t filter out pollutants as effectively as the nasal passages of adults.

Fighting the Effects of Air Pollution on Children’s Health

Fighting the effects of air pollution on children’s health will require a multi-faceted approach that deals with both indoor and outdoor air pollutants.

In terms of fighting outdoor air pollution, it’s a societal issue that is larger than any one person and will require that people work together to protect children. Regulations will have to be developed to limit air pollution and researchers will have to work on less polluting alternatives to many technologies. People can do their own part to reduce air pollution by carpooling, walking, or biking.

Air pollution in the home can be fought by identifying and eliminating or reducing sources of indoor air pollution. Common sources of pollutants like chemical cleaners should be used responsibly and with care, in addition, the home should be regularly maintained and cleaned to eliminate dust and mold.

Air pollutants like dust, mold, smoke and particulate matter can easily damage children’s bodies, so it is important to remove these pollutants from indoor air. Having a good HVAC system with the proper air filters is one of the best ways to protect children from the effects of air pollution on their health. High-efficiency air filters can remove a very high level of the air pollutants that threaten the health of children and adults alike.

The health of your children depends on reducing indoor air pollutants and by extension reducing the effects of air pollution on children’s health. Contact Camfil now for help determining the best type of filter to employ in your home HVAC system to protect the health of your children.

SOURCES

https://usgreentechnology.com/7-common-indoor-air-pollutants/

https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants

https://www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/healtheffects1table1.htm

https://www.arb.ca.gov/research/children/children.htm

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