How Data Center HVAC Teams Can Improve Indoor Air Quality and Cut Energy Costs with High-Efficiency Air Filters

The data center industry is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing demand for cloud computing services, Internet of Things (IoT) devices and especially artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. As businesses continue to adopt cloud services, they are relying more on external data centers to host their data and applications, leading to a greater demand for larger data center infrastructures.

The surge in data generated by IoT devices, big data analytics, AI and machine learning requires more robust storage and processing power, resulting in an increase in the number of data centers. By 2030, it’s projected that AI workloads will account for approximately 70% of data center capacity, contributing to a projected 160% increase in power demand. 

Additionally, edge computing, which brings computation and data storage closer to the source of the data, is driving the establishment of smaller, localized data centers. These smaller sites are well-suited for 5G networks, which require ultra-low latency by processing data closer to the end user. 

However, the expansion of data centers poses several challenges, particularly concerning rising energy consumption. Data centers need vast amounts of energy to run servers and maintain cool environments, which could potentially double or triple energy loads from data centers in the U.S. by 2028, further escalating energy consumption. 

As data centers become larger and more complex, managing indoor air quality (IAQ) becomes vital to protect equipment and staff health as well as controlling energy consumption. For example, controlling dust accumulation on sensitive equipment is important to prevent overheating and ventilation issues, which impact equipment longevity, personnel health, sustainability and energy usage.

While proper ventilation is essential for maintaining good indoor air quality, increasing ventilation to improve IAQ can lead to higher energy consumption. Modern HVAC systems utilizing high-efficiency air filters, such as those rated MERV 13A to 16A, are capable of capturing particulate matter, dust and even bacteria, to improve data center air quality without increasing energy usage. 

In fact, as high-efficiency air filters capture more particles, they reduce the buildup of dust and debris on HVAC system components like coils and fans. This allows the system to operate more efficiently. Less dust accumulation means the system doesn’t have to work as hard, which can lower energy consumption and extend the system’s lifespan.  

The Role of HVAC Filtration in Data Centers

Who is Responsible for the Quality of the Air Inside the Data Center?

In large data centers, the selection of HVAC filters is typically the responsibility of several key roles, which may vary depending on the organization’s structure. These include:

• Facility Manager or Building Engineer: This staff member is responsible for the overall operation and maintenance of building systems including HVAC. The individual coordinates the maintenance, operation and upgrades of HVAC systems, ensuring filters are appropriately selected to maintain optimal air quality and system efficiency.
• HVAC Technicians: These specialists focus on the technical aspects of HVAC systems and filter selection. They design, plan and specify filters for the data center while considering airflow, pressure drop, filtration needs and HVAC operation. 
• IT Infrastructure Manager: This manager oversees data center operations and collaborates with facility managers and engineers to ensure that the chosen HVAC and filtration system meets the cooling, IAQ and energy consumption requirements of the data center. 
• Procurement Manager: Responsible for acquiring materials and equipment for the data center, this manager handles the purchase of HVAC filters once they are specified by engineers or facility managers
• Environment Health and Safety Manager: Focusing on ensuring air quality and fair working conditions that comply with regulatory standards, this manager ensures that filters meet health, safety and environmental regulations to prevent particulate contamination.

In large data centers, ensuring optimal environmental conditions for sensitive IT infrastructures often requires close coordination among various departments. This collaboration focuses on selecting an HVAC system, including filters, that maximizes efficiency, reduces downtime, and ensures optimal conditions for the sensitive IT infrastructure.

In smaller data centers, a more compact team manages HVAC filter selection, typically involving the facility manager and HVAC technician, along with:

• Data Center Manager: In smaller facilities, the data center manager may oversee both IT and infrastructure aspects, working closely with HVAC specialists to choose the right filters for effective cooling and airflow.
• IT Manager: While not directly responsible for the HVAC system, the IT manager may be involved in filter selection, especially if the HVAC system affects server performance or if specialized cooling is needed for sensitive equipment.

Regardless of the size of the data center, successful filter selection requires a collaborative effort based on specific requirements of the space, cooling needs and energy efficiency objectives.

Why HVAC Filtration in IT Environments Is Critical 

Maintaining an optimal operating environment is crucial to the performance, security and efficiency of data centers. HVAC systems play an important role in ensuring air quality and effective filtration, which helps maintain clean air and prevents contaminants from entering the data center. 

Particulate matter in data centers can originate from various sources such as outdoor air pollution, diesel-powered backup generators and servers. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are also a concern. Emitted from overheated servers, these compounds may contain harmful chemicals that can damage sensitive equipment and pose health risks to personnel. 

Trapping harmful particles through HVAC filtration is essential for data centers for several reasons.

• Protecting IT infrastructure from Airborne Contaminants. Dust and particulates can obstruct cooling systems and accumulate on sensitive equipment, resulting in reduced efficiency, overheating and damage. Effective HVAC filtration in IT environments prevents these contaminants from entering the environment where critical IT equipment operates to improve data center air quality. 
• Enhancing System Efficiency and Uptime. Poor air quality and contaminants can cause downtime or hardware failure. Robust HVAC filtration ensures that clean air is circulated, reducing the risk of dust and particulate matter affecting sensitive equipment. Additionally, proper filtration minimizes the need for frequent maintenance of both HVAC systems and data center hardware. 
• Improving Energy Efficiency and Reducing Power Consumption. HVAC systems equipped with efficient filtration optimize airflow, which enhances the performance of cooling systems. Without proper cooling, temperatures can quickly rise, potentially causing equipment damage or system failures. To compensate for inefficient cooling, HVAC systems must work harder, leading to increased energy consumption. Effective filtration helps HVAC systems operate optimally, controlling overall energy use. 
• Preventing Health Issues. Filtering out allergens, contaminants and bacteria contributes to maintaining clean and safe air for staff working in the data center. 
• Maintaining Compliance with Industry Air Quality Standards. Effective air filtration ensures that data centers meet the required air quality and environment standards for compliance and safety. Many data centers operate under strict cleanroom standards that limit airborne particles. HVAC systems equipped with high efficiency filters help meet these standards. 

Challenges in Data Center IAQ and Energy Consumption 

Poor IAQ Is a Problem

Data centers are highly sensitive to their environmental conditions. Poor data center air quality can negatively impact the performance, efficiency and reliability of sensitive equipment, including servers, storage systems and other components. When staff enters the space, impurities from their clothing can be introduced. Additionally, outdoor air pollution and dust can infiltrate data centers and server rooms through ventilation systems. 

Research conducted by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) highlights that dust and particulate contamination are primary concerns for data centers. Even small amounts of dust, dirt and other particulates can pose significant risks to this equipment.

For instance, the accumulation of dust and particulate matter on sensitive devices, fans and filters can hinder their proper operation, leading to system slowdowns. Additionally, certain pollutants, such as high levels of VOCs, can accelerate corrosion of metal electronic components in hardware. 

Data centers rely on controlled environments to maintain optimal temperatures for IT equipment. If airborne contaminants are not captured by filters, they can clog ventilation systems, reducing airflow and cooling efficiency. Clogged cooling systems increase the risk of equipment overheating, which leads to processing malfunctions or failures. In addition, cooling inefficiencies can damage or cause short circuits, resulting in maintenance costs and operational downtime. Unplanned IT downtime can cost anywhere from $5,600 to $9,000 per minute, depending on the company.

An inefficient cooling system also requires more energy to maintain proper temperatures. This increases energy consumption, operational costs and the environmental footprint for the data center. Cooling inefficiencies caused by IAQ issues can increase energy consumption.

Rising Energy Consumption

Data centers are very energy-intensive, consuming 10 to 50 times more energy per floor space than a commercial office building. As noted earlier, AI-driven workloads are growing and will significantly elevate data center energy demands. Goldman Sachs estimates that data center power demand will grow by 160% by 2030. While data centers worldwide currently consume 1%-2% of overall power, that figure is projected to rise to 3%-4% by the end of the decade due to AI advancements. 

While data center power demand remained stable despite increased workloads between 2015 and 2019 due to improved efficiency, power consumption has increased since 2020. This trend is expected to continue with the rise of AI, as a single ChatGPT query requires 2.9 watt-hours of electricity compared to 0.3 watt-hours for a Google search. According to McKinsey analysis, the United States is expected to be the fastest-growing market for data centers, with demand rising from 25 GW of demand in 2024 to more than 80 GW in 2030. 

While the majority of energy consumed in a data center is used to power computer hardware, the energy required for the HVAC systems can be a close second. As data centers expand, the need for energy-efficient HVAC solutions becomes increasingly important. Unfortunately, many data centers still utilize inefficient air filtration methods, leading to higher energy usage. Older, traditional data centers often depend on basic HVAC systems equipped with standard filters for cooling and air filtration, which are not optimized for energy efficiency or air quality. In environments with high dust levels, standard filtration solutions may be inadequate. Additionally, areas with significant pollution and humidity can exacerbate filter clogging, further diminishing system efficiency. 

If air filters fail to capture fine or specific contaminants, they can become clogged and restrict airflow. As a result, the HVAC system must work harder to maintain adequate airflow, resulting in increased energy consumption and higher electricity bills.

For example, a data center situated in a heavily urbanized area with significant traffic may experience filter clogging due to dust and other particulates. This forces the HVAC system to work harder, increasing electricity costs for ventilation and cooling. Ineffective filtration also can lead to pollution accumulation in the data center, adversely affecting hardware and increasing maintenance needs. Implementing high-efficiency filters can help alleviate these issues and reduce excessive energy use.

Air Filtration Solutions for Data Centers

Benefits of High-Efficiency Filters 

Today’s advanced HVAC systems use high-efficiency air filters to improve both data center air quality and energy performance. These filters effectively remove a significant percentage of airborne particles, resulting in cleaner air that improves airflow and reduces the load on air conditioning systems. High-efficiency filters with low pressure drops achieve a balance between effective filtration and low resistance to airflow that can reduce energy consumption while improving system performance

In some cases, HEPA filters, capable of capturing a minimum of 99.97% of particles as small as 0.3 microns, are required to remove the smallest contaminants from the air. However, because these filters with very high filtration efficiency tend to have higher pressure drops, data centers may opt to use a combination of filters in their HVAC systems to achieve several benefits:

• Energy Savings for Data Centers: Energy-efficient filters prevent air handlers from working harder to push air through clogged or inefficient filters. This reduces energy consumption and operating costs in data centers. 
• Greater system efficiency:  High-efficiency filters enhance the overall efficiency of HVAC systems, allowing for smoother air circulation. By decreasing airflow resistance, less energy is required for cooling that results in energy cost savings. 
• Enhanced IAQ: High-efficiency filters trap a range of fine particles including dust, dirt and other contaminants to maintain high levels of air quality and prevent contaminants from entering the data center. Clean air is important for the optimal performance of servers and other sensitive hardware. 
• Improved Cooling Efficiency: These filters help prevent dust and particles from accumulating on cooling systems, ensuring they function at peak performance. 
• Extended Equipment Lifespan: Reducing airborne dust and particulate matter helps prolong the lifespan of HVAC components and IT equipment. This results in fewer repairs and replacements, which reduces maintenance costs, minimizes downtime and lowers labor needs. 

• System Performance: The selected filters must balance the filtration efficiency with the pressure drop to avoid negatively impacting the HVAC system’s airflow and energy consumption.

Categories of Air Filters 

A variety of high-efficiency filtration methods are available, each designed to remove different types of contaminants at varying efficiencies. Air filters are selected based on the specific needs of the data center environment. It’s common for data centers to require various levels of air filtration efficiency for different areas and applications. Below are three general filter categories based on performance. 

• MERV (Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value) Filters: These filters are rated according to their ability to trap small particles. Ideally, data centers should use air filters with a MERV rating between 13 and 16 and labeled with a MERV-A rating. Filters indicating their MERV A value means they will maintain that efficiency value for their entire service life.

MERV filters are frequently used in data centers as they can balance the filtration efficiency with pressure drop to avoid negatively impacting the HVAC system airflow and energy consumption. These filters are usually installed at the air intakes for cooling systems to capture air contaminants as air circulates through the system. Ventilation systems in data centers and server rooms can circulate and replace air 30 to 50 times per hour, compared to an average commercial office exchange rate of only two to six times per hour. Different types of MERV filters have unique advantages and efficiencies. Often, these filters are used in combinations to address different requirements. 

• High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters

HEPA filters are highly efficient at trapping very small particles, capturing 99.97% of particles as small as 0.3 microns. Made from dense layers of micro-glass fibers, they are an excellent choice for improving data center air quality under the right conditions.

Although HEPA filters are not energy efficient and tend to be more expensive, they can be used in conjunction with other MERV filters as part of a comprehensive filtration system.

• Molecular Filters

Gases are composed of particles that are so small, they are better thought of as molecules. In fact, they are so small, they can easily pass through the most efficient HEPA filters. Gaseous contaminants can accumulate on electrical components and cause corrosion damage that can cause downtime if not recognized and corrected in time.

Capturing gases requires specialized filters known as molecular filters, sometimes referred to as carbon filters. These filters remove harmful gases, VOCs and other odor-producing chemicals from the air using a filtration process known as adsorption. Identifying the gases present enables the selection of the most effective carbon media for controlling them.

Camfil’s Filtration Solutions for Data Centers Result in 40% Costs Reduction

Camfil offers a variety of filtration solutions designed to maintain air quality, energy efficiency and reliability in data centers. Camfil’s high-performance filters are engineered with energy efficiency in mind and incorporate advanced technologies that ensure lower pressure drops while maintaining high filtration efficiency. By removing harmful particulate and gaseous contaminants, Camfil air filters create a safer indoor environment while reducing energy costs up to 40% or more. 

Server Rooms

Dust and particulate matter that accumulate on sensitive electronic components like fans and circuit boards can lead to overheating or hardware failures. Overheated servers can emit gaseous contaminants and particulates that contain chemicals that may damage circuit boards and cooling systems. Poor IAQ also can affect the health and safety of workers and spread into areas of the data center. Server rooms also may experience air pollution that contributes to high corrosion levels, making printed circuit boards, contacts and conductors vulnerable to damage. Camfil provides various high-efficiency air filters that ensure high levels of indoor air while maintaining low energy costs. 

General Ventilation

These high-quality, energy-saving filters are available in a variety of designs and classes, ranging from MERV 8 to 16 or   ePM1, ePM2.5 and ePM10 using the ISO 16890 classification system.  

• Hi-Flo ES. This pocket-style filter features multi-pocket, tapered pleats that optimize airflow, ensuring both efficiency and durability. Its high loft, air-laid media, which is exclusive to Camfil, allows for a deeper filter structure that increases dust-holding capacity, capturing both large particles and submicron-sized particles from the air. In addition, it has the lowest average pressure drop, resulting in the industry’s lowest energy cost. Filters are available in MERV 11/11A, 13/13A, 14/14A and 15/15A ratings.
• Durafil Compac. This high-performance 6”-deep V-bank air filter is designed for efficient use in environments where space is limited, such as air handling units. The V-bank design allows for greater surface area, improving airflow and filtration efficiency while retaining a compact form. Durafil Compac filters are available in MERV ratings of 13/13A, 14/14A and 15/15A. The fine fiber construction ensures that filters maintain efficiency throughout the service life. 
• Durafil ES3. Housed in a durable ABS plastic frame, this high efficiency V-bank style air filter is known for its long-lasting efficiency and low life cycle costs. The V-bank design maximizes airflow while maintaining excellent filtration performance, leading to lower pressure drops and improved energy efficiency. Filters are available in MERV ratings 13A, 14A and 16A, effectively filtering out particles as small as 0.3 microns in size. 
• Absolute VG. This compact box-type filter provides HEPA filtration efficiency in a lightweight but robust V-bank design that is easy to handle. With high airflow capacities up to 2400, the Absolute VG filter features a low pressure drop, resulting in significant energy savings in data centers compared to other filters on the market, leading to a lower total cost of ownership. Filters are certified to a minimum efficiency of 99.99% at 0.3 microns.

Molecular

Molecular contaminants are airborne pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone, which are 1,000 times smaller than what HEPA filters can capture. If left unchecked, these contaminants can corrode sensitive data center equipment, resulting in costly repairs and service disruptions. Camfil offers the following filters to identify and control these contaminants. 

• CityPleat. This premium pre-filter combines panel filtration to capture both particulate and molecular (gases and odor) contaminants in one filter stage. The units utilize Camfil’s Rapid Adsorption Dynamic filter media for better initial removal efficiency and extended lifetimes against offensive molecular contaminants. These filters can be used in existing installations to remove low concentrations of most external and internal pollutants. City Pleat 1000/1500 filters have a MERV 7 and ozone rating of 5 to 6 while CityPleat 150/200/300/400 and 500 have a MERV 8 and ozone rating of 2. 
• CityCarb I. This filter integrates mini-pleat V-cell filtration technology with MERV 15 (14A) particulate and molecular media to remove both solid and gaseous contaminants in a single filter stage. The CityCarb I model uses broad spectrum carbon and will adsorb more than 99.5% of the thousands of different molecules typically present in a data center’s indoor environment. It is an ideal option for improving IAQ and ensuring the removal of solid particles and gases.
• AirImage-COR. This specialized air quality monitor provides instant measurement of corrosive gases in the air to indicate the corrosivity level of an environment. The real-time corrosion monitoring system operates in accordance with ISA 71.04 standard, identifying threats to sensitive electronics and valuable assets in real-time. Connection capabilities include: ethernet, RS485, 4-20 mA, WiFi, Bluetooth or GPRS.

Computer Room Air Handling

Computer room air handlers are essential in data centers to cool the heat generated by equipment. Air filters are used in these systems to capture airborne particulates before they circulate in the cooled air. Camfil air filters are designed for computer room air handling systems to effectively remove dust, particulate matter, airborne particles as well as gases and odors. These filters are engineered for energy efficiency, preventing air handlers from overworking, which ultimately reduces energy consumption and extends the lifespan of the HVAC system. 

General Ventilation Single-Stage AHUs 

In addition to the Durafil Compac, Durafil ES3 and Absolute VG (mentioned above), the Camfil 30/30 Dual 9 is recommended for computer room air handling.

• 30/30 Dual 9. This filter is named for its MERV 9/9A efficiency and its minimum 9-month service life guarantee. Designed as a filter for single-stage HVAC systems, the 30/30 Dual 9 also provides protection for the secondary filtration stage and other components of the air handling unit (AHU). For example, it serves as a prefilter to manage larger airborne contaminants, ensuring superior filtration efficiency and protecting sensitive electronic equipment in data centers. It can be combined with the Durafil ES3 filter that targets submicron particles. Featuring high-efficiency media, unique pleat shapes, reinforced pleat support and a robust frame, this filter is guaranteed to remain in service from 9-12 months. Units have an efficiency value of MERV9/9A and an ISO ePM10-55. 

Make-Up Air Units

Make-up air refers to the replacement air introduced into a building to compensate for the air that has been exhausted. Air handling units provide this conditioned outdoor air. This make-up air needs proper filtration to ensure high IAQ to protect processes, people and products. The following Camfil filters can be used in make-up air systems to mitigate the risk of harmful particulate and gaseous contaminants from entering the data center. 

General Ventilation 

Many filters used for server rooms and air handling unit filtration can be used in make-up units, including the Hi-Flo ES, Durafil Compac, Durafil ES3, 30/30 Dual 9 (see descriptions above). Another option is the Cam-Flo XLT.

• Cam-Flo XLT. Recommended as an efficient air inlet filter, this high-strength synthetic media bag filter effectively removes harmful particles from the air. The filter provides low initial resistance to airflow for energy savings and increased airflow in air-starved systems. Built with multi-layered polypropylene media and a reinforced ABS frame, this robust air filter is designed for challenging environments, including those with moisture and turbulence. Units are available with MERV 11/11A, 13/13A and 16/15A ratings and can operate up to 2500 cfm without sacrificing performance. 

Molecular

Molecular filters used in server rooms and air handling unit filtration can also be used in make-up air units, including the  CityCarb I, and the CityPleat series. Each is described above. 

Comparison of Traditional filters vs. Camfil High-Efficiency Filters

Traditional filters typically have lower filtration efficiencies, often with MERV ratings between 8 to 13. They are often constructed of thick synthetic fibers to keep manufacturing costs down. Coarse synthetic fibers often require an additional electrostatic charge added to achieve the desired MERV value, which can degrade over time. This reduction in efficiency can cause the MERV value to drop below its original rating and below what the facility requires. Designed primarily for basic HVAC systems where airflow is prioritized, these filters are often used for general air filtration and may not meet the specific needs of critical applications. Although traditional filters are affordable initially, they can cost more over time due to frequent replacements. Using low-quality air filters in a data center ventilation system results in up to a 30% drop in efficiency over the entire system. 

In contrast, Camfil air filters are engineered for higher efficiency, targeting smaller particles such as fine particulate matter and bacteria. They utilize energy-efficient materials, including fine fibers as opposed to coarse fibers and advanced composite materials, which create media that combine high filtration efficiency with strength and resistance to chemicals and temperatures. Filters that utilize fine fibers can be classified under the MERV A rating system, which indicates the filter will maintain its original MERV value. For air filtration systems designed to remove gases, odor and VOCs, Camfil uses a wide range of activated and impregnated carbon and other media.  The company’s focus on low-emission materials leads to reduced carbon dioxide emissions.

Camfil air filters are designed to minimize airflow resistance while maximizing filtration efficiency. They are used in critical environments such as data centers, healthcare facilities, cleanrooms and industrial applications. By installing Camfil’s 5-star air filters in existing air ventilation systems, organizations can reduce energy expenditures by up to 40% through improved airflow.

The Future of Energy Efficient IAQ in Data Centers

The future of air filtration in data centers will be influenced by growing demands for energy efficiency, improved sustainability and ongoing technological advancement. Since data centers are among the largest consumers of energy, IAQ will significantly impact energy efficiency and sustainability. As the demand for data grows, data centers will face more pressure to operate more efficiently. 

High-efficiency air filters, such as MERV A-rated filters, will be essential in capturing airborne contaminants to reduce load on HVAC systems and lower cooling energy requirements. These filters also will contribute to healthier working environments and help minimize the carbon footprint of data centers. 

Camfil supports current and future energy efficiency goals with filters designed to minimize air restriction while maintaining high air flow and efficiency in capturing airborne particles. These air filters reduce pressure drop so less energy is required to circulate air through the system. They also ensure cleaner air for healthier and more productive data center environments. In addition, the use of sustainable materials, innovative technologies and proprietary processes enables the development of filters that use less material and last longer, generating less waste while achieving high filtration efficiency.

The growth of digital data will increase the number of data centers and the volume of data processing within these facilities. This surge heightens the importance of maintaining superior indoor air quality to protect equipment, optimize operations, ensure safety and control energy consumption. By investing in high-efficiency air filters, data centers can achieve operational savings, extend equipment life and significantly reduce their environmental impact. 

Discover more about Camfil’s data center solutions or contact a Camfil air filtration expert. Our trained clean air experts can help you evaluate the current air quality in your data centers and server rooms, recommend equipment and technology based on your specific goals and requirements, predict total cost of ownership using our Life Cycle Cost software and deploy the appropriate solutions.

 

¹ https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/technology-media-and-telecommunications/our-insights/ai-power-expanding-data-center-capacity-to-meet-growing-demand

² https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers

³ https://www.ashrae.org/File Library/Technical Resources/Publication Errata and Updates/2011-Gaseous-and-Particulate-Guidelines.pdf

⁴ https://nerdssupport.com/true-cost-of-it-downtime/

⁵ https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/data-centers-and-servers

⁶ https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/AI-poised-to-drive-160-increase-in-power-demand

⁷ https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/private-capital/our-insights/how-data-centers-and-the-energy-sector-can-sate-ais-hunger-for-power

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Air Quality May Impact Aspects of Emotional Intelligence, According to New Study

Air pollution has long been recognized as a leading environmental health risk, causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. But recent research sheds light on another critical, lesser-known impact—its effect on brain health, specifically cognitive function and emotional intelligence. This blog explores the science behind these findings, the implications for mental health, and practical tips for managing air quality in personal and professional environments.

The Basics of Air Quality

Air quality refers to the degree of pollution present in the air, influenced by factors such as emissions, weather conditions, and natural disasters.

Air pollution can broadly be categorized into two types: molecular (or gaseous) and particulate. Molecular pollutants include gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These gases are often emitted from industrial processes, vehicle exhaust, and the burning of fossil fuels. They can have significant effects on respiratory health and contribute to issues like smog and acid rain.

Particulate pollutants, also commonly referred to as particulate matter or particle pollution, consist of tiny solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in the air, known as particulate matter (PM). They are typically classified based on their size: PM10 (particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less), PM2.5 (particles 2.5 micrometers or less) and PM1 (particles 1 micrometer or less). Particulate pollutants can originate from sources like construction activities, wildfires, and industrial emissions. These particles are particularly concerning as they can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, posing serious health risks.

Understanding these two types of pollution is essential for developing effective strategies to improve air quality and protect human health.

Study Shows Air Pollution Impacts on Cognitive Processes, Including  Ability to Recognize Emotions

A 2025 study published in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Communications (2025) exposes the correlation between air pollution and diminished cognitive capabilities.

Cognitive function refers to various mental processes essential for daily activities. Supermarket shopping is a great example of how these functions work independently and together. Executive function, particularly selective attention, helps with decision-making and staying focused on your shopping list while ignoring distractions and avoiding impulse purchases. Working memory acts as a temporary space for holding and processing information, like comparing prices or brands to make smart choices. Socio-emotional cognition allows us to recognize and understand emotions, ensuring smooth social interactions and appropriate behavior while shopping. These cognitive skills, while distinct, operate in harmony to complete everyday tasks. Examining each function individually helps identify which are most affected by air pollution, paving the way for targeted interventions and strategies to build resilience.

The study involved exposing participants to high levels of particulate matter and tracking their cognitive and emotional responses four hours later. Conditions were blinded (meaning that study participants did not know which air quality conditions they were exposed to) so that knowledge or perception of air pollution exposure didn’t confound results. Findings showed impairments in key brain functions:

• Selective attention – the ability to focus on specific tasks while ignoring distractions.
• Emotion recognition – the capacity to interpret and respond to emotional cues in the environment, such as the ability to

Selective Attention

Selective attention is the ability to focus on specific stimuli for further processing while ignoring irrelevant or distracting inputs. Distractions can come from external sources, like background noise or visual clutter, or internal ones, such as wandering thoughts or habitual responses that interfere with the task at hand. Selective attention is essential for complex analytical tasks, such as learning a new language or solving math problems, but also for basic daily tasks, such as choosing what to eat or engaging in conversation.

In the study, selective attention was measured by assessing participants’ reaction time (RT) in seconds. The change in reaction times (before exposure to either the clean air condition or the pollution condition and after exposure) was analyzed, and researchers found a statistically significant increase in reaction time (indicating a decrease in selective attention) under the pollution condition, and a statistically significant decrease in reaction time (indicating an increase in selective attention) after exposure to clean air. On average, post-exposure reaction times in the pollution condition group were 10 milliseconds slower than in the clean air group.

Emotion Recognition

In the study, researchers focused on emotion discrimination, which is the ability to identify and distinguish emotions conveyed through facial expressions, sounds, body language, and other signals. Emotion discrimination is a critical skill for effective social interaction and communication. Being able to accurately identify and interpret emotions allows individuals to respond appropriately to others’ needs, fostering empathy and strengthening relationships. This skill is particularly important in collaborative environments, where understanding emotional cues can help to de-escalate conflicts, build trust, and enhance teamwork; therefore, it is crucial in both personal and professional relationships.

The study found that acute exposure to PM pollution significantly impaired participants’ ability to recognize emotional expressions compared to clean air exposure, as indicated by a larger performance decline post-exposure. Though a significant main effect of session time was found (meaning that participants’ emotion recognition was generally better the first time it was tested), the decline in performance under the clean air condition was not found to be statistically significant.

Implications of the Study’s Results

Other functions, such as working memory, showed resilience to short-term pollution exposure. This suggests varying vulnerabilities within our brain functions—an area ripe for further exploration.

The authors propose two potential mechanisms for these effects:

1. Direct pathway — Particulate matter may directly reach the brain through the olfactory system or cross the blood-brain barrier.
2. Indirect pathway — Systemic inflammation triggered by lung exposure to pollutants may harm brain tissue over time.

These findings underscore the pressing need to address air pollution and its multifaceted impact, particularly in urban environments with high PM2.5 levels.

Read More: The Link Between IAQ and Productivity 

Managing Air Quality for Health and Well-Being

Fortunately, not all is lost. Understanding and mitigating the influence of air quality on brain health can empower individuals and institutions to protect themselves. Here are actionable steps to improve air quality and safeguard your cognitive and emotional well-being:

1. Monitor Air Quality Levels

Sources such as AirNow.gov provide real-time air quality updates based on aggregated data from thousands of air quality monitors across the United States. Individuals can use these services to plan activity for times when pollution levels are lower. 

2. Ask Facility Managers Questions  

Concentrations of air pollutants can be up to fifty times higher indoors than in the surrounding outdoor area. Ask your employer or facility manager at your school if they’ve appointed a CAO, Chief Airgonomics Officer. This is the person in an organization with the responsibility to ensure all reasonable steps are being taken to protect the occupant’s health from poor indoor air quality.  During extended breaks, for example, it’s not unreasonable to ask the facility manager to explain what steps are taken to maintain acceptable indoor air quality. 

3. Minimize Exposure During High Pollution Events

Avoid outdoor exercises or strenuous activities near high-traffic areas during times of increased pollution, like wildfires or smoggy days.

4. Make Ventilation a Priority

To improve indoor air quality, facilities managers can collaborate with Camfil’s air quality specialists to monitor indoor air quality and determine specific focus areas for improving it. 

Here are measures that can be integrated into building strategies:

• When planning new construction, include in the design advanced HVAC systems with the capability to provide high indoor air quality. For existing systems, educate yourself on its capabilities and select air filters that deliver the optimal filtration solution for your facility.
• Work with a quality air filtration supplier who can assist you in developing the appropriate maintenance schedule.  
• Educate employees about air pollution’s effects and mitigation strategies and encourage open dialog.

About Camfil Clean Air Solutions

For more than half a century, Camfil has been helping people breathe cleaner air. As a leading manufacturer of premium clean air solutions, we provide commercial and industrial systems for air filtration and air pollution control that improve worker and equipment productivity, minimize energy use, and benefit human health and the environment. We firmly believe that the best solutions for our customers are the best solutions for our planet, too. That’s why every step of the way – from design to delivery and across the product life cycle – we consider the impact of what we do on people and on the world around us. Through a fresh approach to problem-solving, innovative design, precise process control, and a strong customer focus we aim to conserve more, use less and find better ways – so we can all breathe easier.

The Camfil Group is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, and has 30​ manufacturing sites, six R&D centers, local sales offices in 35+ countries, and about 5,600 employees and growing. We proudly serve and support customers in a wide variety of industries and in communities across the world. To discover how Camfil USA can help you to protect people, processes and the environment, visit us at www.camfil.us/ 

 

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Media Contact: 

Lynne Laake 

Camfil USA Air Filters 

T: 888.599.6620 

E: Lynne.Laake@camfil.com

F: Friend Camfil USA on Facebook

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Sources:

https://go.nature.com/4hICbZ3

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Molecular Air Filtration for Data Centers A Comprehensive Video Series

Data centers are the foundation of the digital world, hosting vast amounts of data and ensuring uninterrupted services for millions of users. With the rapid advancement of AI, the demand for data centers is skyrocketing, making air quality management more critical than ever.

Why Molecular Air Filtration for Data Centers Will Grow

As AI-powered applications require more computational power, data centers are expanding rapidly, increasing their reliance on backup generators, high-density servers, and complex cooling systems. These factors contribute to the accumulation of molecular contaminants, which can cause corrosion, downtime, and equipment failures if not properly managed.

However, an invisible threat lurks within these critical environments—molecular contaminants. These airborne pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide and ozone, are 1,000 times smaller than what HEPA filters can capture. Left unchecked, they corrode sensitive electronic equipment, leading to costly repairs and service disruptions.

To combat this, Camfil USA has developed cutting-edge molecular air filtration solutions, including the AirImage COR, a real-time corrosion detection system, and the CityCarb I, a dual-function molecular filter.

This blog explores the five-video series on Molecular Air Filtration for Data Centers, diving deep into the dangers of gaseous contaminants and the solutions Camfil provides.

Watch the Full Playlist Here: Molecular Air Filtration for Data Centers

1. Identifying Corrosion Dangers in Data Centers

Watch Video: Camfil’s AirImage-COR Identifies Corrosion Dangers

Understanding the Threat

Most people associate air filtration with removing dust and particulate matter, but gaseous contaminants pose an equal risk in data centers. These molecular pollutants are invisible, odorless, and highly reactive, leading to electronic corrosion over time.

How AirImage-COR Helps

Camfil’s AirImage-COR is a real-time corrosion monitoring system that integrates seamlessly with building management systems (BMS). It provides instant readings on corrosive gas levels, allowing operators to take proactive measures before damage occurs.

Real-time detection of molecular contaminants
Seamless integration with existing infrastructure
Actionable insights for corrosion prevention

If AirImage-COR detects high levels of corrosive gases, Camfil offers advanced molecular filtration solutions to remove them effectively.

2. What Are Particulate Matter and Gaseous Contaminants?

Watch Video: Understanding Airborne Pollutants in Data Centers

Particulate Matter vs. Molecular Contaminants

Air pollution comes in two main forms:

Type	Description	Common Examples	Filtration Solution
Particulate Matter (PM)	Solid or liquid particles suspended in air	Dust, dirt, soot, PM1,  PM2.5, PM10	HEPA & MERV A-rated filters
Molecular Contaminants	Gaseous pollutants, much smaller than PM	Ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide	Molecular filtration (adsorption)

Why Molecular Contaminants Matter

While traditional air filters can capture dust and airborne particles, they cannot remove molecular contaminants. In data centers, these gases accumulate undetected, accelerating corrosion and increasing the risk of equipment failure.

3. How Corrosion Damages Electronic Equipment

Watch Video: The Hidden Dangers of Corrosion

What Is Corrosion?

Corrosion occurs when reactive gases interact with metal surfaces, forming oxidation layers that degrade electronic performance.

A well-known example is the Statue of Liberty, which is slowly turning green due to copper corrosion over decades. In data centers, this process happens much faster, potentially within months!

How AirImage-COR Measures Corrosion Risk

The AirImage-COR assigns a G-Rating based on the severity of corrosive gas exposure:

Rating	Corrosion Risk	Impact on Equipment
G1	Minimal risk	No immediate action needed
G2	Gases detected	Source should be identified
G3	High risk	Likely equipment damage
GX	Extreme levels	Only specialized equipment survives

By using real-time monitoring, data centers can help prevent failures before they happen.

4. Adsorption vs. Absorption:  How Molecular Filtration Works

Watch Video: Adsorption or Absorption?

How Camfil Uses Adsorption Technology

Camfil’s molecular filtration solutions use activated carbon, a highly porous material that traps and removes gaseous contaminants from the air. This ensures data centers are protected from corrosive gases like ozone and nitrogen dioxide.

5. Can You Capture a Molecule? The CityCarb I Solution

Watch Video: CityCarb I – The Ultimate Molecular Filtration Solution

Introducing CityCarb I:  A Dual-Function Filter

When data centers need reliable molecular filtration, Camfil’s CityCarb I is the go-to solution.

High MERV rating:  Captures particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10)
Molecular filtration:  Removes corrosive gases
Extended lifespan:  Reduces replacement costs

Maximizing Filter Performance with AirImage COR

By pairing CityCarb I with AirImage-COR, data centers can:
Detect when molecular filters need replacing
Prevent premature wear on equipment
Ensure continuous air quality monitoring

Conclusion:  Future-Proofing Data Centers with Molecular Filtration

Corrosion is an invisible yet devastating threat to data centers. While HEPA and MERV filters are effective against particulate matter, they do not stop gaseous pollutants.

By implementing Camfil’s AirImage-COR and CityCarb I, data centers can:
Monitor and detect corrosive gases in real-time
Take preventive action before damage occurs
Extend the lifespan of critical electronic equipment
Reduce maintenance costs and downtime risks

Watch the Full Video Playlist Here:Molecular Air Filtration for Data Centers

Want to learn more? Visit Camfil’s website for more information on molecular filtration solutions! 

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Keeping Students Healthy: How High-Quality HVAC Filters Combat Winter Illnesses in Schools and Universities

During the winter in colder climates, schools and universities face heightened challenges in maintaining the health of building occupants because students, faculty and staff spend more time together indoors. Problems with HVAC systems can trigger a host of health problems, such as the airborne spread of viruses and bacteria, as well as inducing asthma and allergies. In turn, these medical conditions increase absenteeism and reduce academic performance. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says improvements in school environmental quality can enhance academic performance, as well as teacher and staff productivity and retention.

High-quality air filters play a critical role in ensuring healthy learning environments. Read on to learn about the significance of indoor air quality (IAQ) in educational settings, the decision-making process for operating effective HVAC systems and practical solutions for combating winter illnesses through advanced air filtration technology.

Why IAQ Matters in Educational Settings

Poor IAQ has a significant effect on academic performance. Research shows that high levels of indoor air pollution and poor ventilation negatively affect all nine cognitive function domains that are essential for learning and performing complex tasks: 

• Basic Activity Level Overall decision making.
• Applied Activity Level Making decisions oriented toward overall goals.
• Focused Activity Level Focusing on the current task or situation. 
• Task Orientation Making decisions that contribute to task completion. 
• Crisis Response Planning, strategizing and staying prepared in emergency situations. 
• Information Seeking Gathering necessary information from a variety of available sources. 
• Information Usage Using provided and gathered information to reach goals. 
• Breadth of Approach Considering multiple dimensions in decision-making to achieve goals. 
• Strategy Optimizing information to reach well-integrated solutions.

According to the American Lung Association, children in classrooms with higher outdoor air ventilation rates and cleaner IAQ tend to perform better on standardized tests compared to those in poorly ventilated classrooms. This improvement is attributed to lower carbon dioxide levels and a reduced risk of infectious disease transmission. Unfortunately, the same studies revealed that classroom ventilation rates often fall below the minimum standards required for healthy indoor air. Moreover, many schools have outdated or failing HVAC systems in need of upgrades.

How Poor Air Quality Impacts Health and Wellness

Insufficient ventilation and air filtration in classrooms and other densely occupied spaces allow airborne pathogens to accumulate, heightening the risk of illness transmission. Winter in cold climates exacerbates IAQ challenges due to reduced ventilation from closed windows and doors and extended periods of indoor activities that enable contaminants to build up. 

According to the American Society of Microbiology, aerosols — minute airborne particles capable of carrying viruses — serve as a pathway for viral transmission within buildings. These microbe-laden aerosols can originate from various sources, including breathing, and result in illness.

Unlike larger respiratory droplets, which are heavier and tend to fall from the air relatively quickly, aerosols can linger in the air for minutes to hours, extending the window of potential exposure. This risk is influenced by factors such as air filtration, circulation and ventilation within a space. For example, schools may have higher concentrations of airborne pathogens due to the presence of large groups of people gathered for extended periods, often with different groups of people cycling in and out of rooms, This frequent turnover means that new individuals may be exposed to lingering aerosols, while also potentially introducing additional pathogens. Together, these factors create conditions that can facilitate the spread of airborne illnesses in schools unless effective ventilation, air filtration and hygiene practices are in place.

The movement of hundreds to thousands of students, teachers and staff through classrooms, cafeterias, laboratories, lecture halls, shared recreational spaces and dormitories constantly introduces particulate matter—such as dust, pathogens and mold spores—into the air. This pollution is further dispersed throughout the space by foot traffic and the HVAC system. Without proper air filtration and ventilation, these airborne contaminants can circulate unchecked, posing health risks to everyone in the facility.

Who Makes HVAC and Clean Air Decisions in Schools and Universities?

To ensure good IAQ several key stakeholders at schools and universities must work together to define and execute effective air quality programs. Facility managers and maintenance supervisors oversee HVAC system performance, while CFOs and business administrators balance costs with efficiency. Other personnel that might be involved include building engineer, operations manager, purchasing agent environmental health and safety manager, and school wellness center director. 

Clean Air Strategies 

IAQ strategies at schools and universities should prioritize the best practices in ventilation and air filtration to reduce airborne particles, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other pollutants that degrade air quality. Ventilation systems play a critical role in maintaining healthy indoor environments by removing stale air and introducing fresh air, effectively diluting and displacing contaminants. Meanwhile, air filters complement ventilation by capturing airborne pollutants, preventing them from circulating within the environment.

Given the diversity of buildings and spaces on school campuses, a one-size-fits-all air filtration solution is not effective. Instead, a customized approach is essential. This involves evaluating the type of air handling equipment in use, local environmental conditions, occupancy levels and the specific requirements for compliance with state, local and school regulations. This tailored strategy ensures the optimal selection and performance of air filters across various facilities.

Decision-Making and Implementation Challenges

Decision-makers responsible for IAQ in schools and universities face significant challenges as they work to create healthy, safe learning environments. Budget limitations are often a primary concern, with many institutions struggling to secure funding for IAQ improvements amid competing demands for resources. For example, public schools frequently face tight budgets, leaving limited room for investment in modern HVAC systems or air purification technologies. Balancing short-term costs with long-term benefits can be challenging when initiating IAQ improvements.

Many school and higher-education administrators, teachers, staff and parents may lack a full understanding of the critical role IAQ plays in student health, learning and overall well-being. Awareness campaigns and educational initiatives are essential to highlight these connections. However, progress can be hindered by resistance to change, fear of classroom disruption or skepticism regarding the effectiveness of upgrades.

Although federal U.S. agencies like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the EPA offer guidance, there is no standardized national policy addressing IAQ in schools. State and local regulations vary significantly, leading to uneven implementation.

School facilities often face the challenge of managing multiple HVAC systems, each requiring consistent upkeep. Even in schools with appropriate HVAC systems, proper maintenance — such as replacing filters, cleaning ducts and monitoring performance — is critical. Unfortunately, these tasks are frequently overlooked due to staffing limitations or competing priorities.

These issues highlight the need for increased awareness, stronger policies and adequate funding to improve IAQ in educational environments. 

Strategies for Success

Consulting with an air filtration expert who specializes in educational facilities can help identify the best strategies for HVAC filter selection, replacement and preventive maintenance. These measures not only improve IAQ but also reduce long-term costs. Such collaboration will also help to ensure that the air filters are properly rated to capture a range of particle sizes, including large, small, nuisance and hazardous particles. Even the most advanced HVAC systems cannot effectively purify the air without correctly selected and installed filters designed for the specific application.

How to Choose the Right Air Filters for Educational Facilities Institution

Selecting the right air filters for educational facilities is a crucial step in maintaining a healthy and productive environment for students, staff and visitors. For optimal performance and cost-efficiency, facilities managers should assess their current HVAC system capabilities, evaluate specific air quality requirements, and implement appropriate air filtration solutions tailored to each area’s function and occupancy level. Consider the following steps to guide informed decisions for improved IAQ and system efficiency.

Assessment 

• Identify potential pollutants (e.g., dust, allergens, volatile organic compounds).
• Evaluate current HVAC capabilities.
• Review system design and efficiency.
• Assess airflow capacity and compatibility with high-efficiency filters.
• Analyze air quality needs based on building usage and occupancy.
• Determine the frequency and ease of filter replacement.
• Evaluate the availability of resources for preventive maintenance.

Recommendations by Space Type

Non-Critical Spaces

• Examples:  Offices, hallways, and common areas.
• Recommendation:  Use standard filters capable of capturing common airborne particles like dust and pollen.

Occupied Areas

• Examples:  Classrooms, lecture halls and study spaces.
• Recommendation: Use air filters designed for final-stage filtration to ensure clean, breathable air for occupants.

Critical Spaces

• Examples:  Laboratories, research facilities and healthcare training rooms.
• Recommendation:  Use HEPA filters or equivalent high-efficiency options to capture fine particles and hazardous contaminants, ensuring a sterile environment where required.

Using High-Quality HVAC Filters

There is a common perception that improving IAQ is too expensive for schools, particularly those with limited budgets. While certain upgrades may require upfront investment, schools can adopt cost-effective strategies, such as regular system maintenance and the use of long-life air filters. These practices can reduce replacement frequency, lower energy consumption and enhance overall system efficiency.

In educational facilities, it is common to use multiple HVAC systems, each fitted with several air filters. Budget limitations often lead staff to select the most affordable filters that meet basic operational needs. However, this cost-conscious approach can backfire, as low-cost filters tend to clog quickly, restrict airflow and consume more energy. As a result, these filters often need to be replaced three to four times annually, leading to substantial ongoing expenses.

A more cost-effective air filtration strategy for schools involves investing in long-lasting, high-efficiency filters. Although these filters have a higher upfront cost, they maintain superior performance over an extended period, requiring far fewer replacements than standard filters. Over time, this significantly reduces the overall expenses associated with filter management compared to the frequent replacement of cheaper, less durable options.

In addition, long-life filters are designed to optimize airflow, reducing strain on HVAC systems and improving energy efficiency. These performance benefits help to lower energy consumption and utility bills and decrease the labor required for system maintenance due to the filters’ extended service life. Additionally, the reduced replacement frequency minimizes landfill waste, supporting more sustainable operations.

What Makes a High-Quality Filter?

Air filters are rated on their ability to trap small particles, using the MERV (Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value) system. Ideally, schools and universities should use air filters with a MERV rating between 13 and 16, and use filters labeled with a MERV-A rating. Filters indicating their MERV A value means they will maintain that efficiency value for their entire service life.

High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters can capture a minimum of 99.97% of particles as small as 0.3 microns. Ultra-low penetration air (ULPA) filters remove 99.999% of particles down to 0.12 microns, offering an additional layer of protection for the most critical environments. 

Air filtration experts frequently suggest a multi-stage filtration system incorporating prefilters in the first stage up to MERV 13A filters and final filters in the second stage up to MERV 16A. If the system is capable and designed with the specialized frames required to hold HEPA filters, a three-stage system may be required.  These multi-stage units are more effective at removing contaminants like allergens, mold and odors. This approach helps to achieve optimal air purification and is cost-effective because it extends the lifespan of the final filters. As a result, maintenance and operational costs, including energy expenses, are reduced, and the time between filter replacements or cleanings is extended.

Camfil Air Filtration Solutions Routinely Used in Schools and Universities

• Air filters rated a minimum of Merv 13/13A to capture an average of 85% of particles 1 micron and larger installed in HVAC systems.  
• 30/30 Dual 9 or Farr 30/30 panel filters for prefiltration in multi-stage units.
• AQ13 panel filters for single stage units configured to hold air filters no greater than 4-inches in depth and supplying air to human occupied, but non-critical spaces such as offices. 
• Durafil ES3 V-bank style air filters for final filters in multi-stage units supplying air to human occupied or production areas not requiring HEPA filtration.
• Absolute VG V-bank style filters for areas where up to 99.99% @ 0.3 micron HEPA filtration is required and the air handling unit is configured for box-style HEPA filters.
• XH Absolute filters in an all-metal frame for areas where up to 99.999% @ 0.3 micron HEPA filtration is required and the air handling unit is configured for box-style HEPA filters.
• Megalam Panel Filters for areas where panel style HEPA and ULPA (99.99% @ 0.3 micron up to 99.9995% @ MPPS) filters are required. 
• CamCleaner CC500 portable air purifier with HEPA filtration. 

Prioritizing IAQ is essential for fostering healthier learning environments in schools and universities. High-quality HVAC filters are a cost-effective, long-term solution to combating airborne illnesses and reducing absenteeism.

Contact Camfil today for expert guidance on improving IAQ at your institution.

 

¹ Indoor Air Quality in High Performance Schools, EPA, https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/indoor-air-quality-high-performance-schools#how 

² Everything You Need to Know About Air Quality in K-12 Schools for the 2024-2025 Academic Year, Camfil,  https://cleanair.camfil.us/2024/10/09/everything-you-need-to-know-about-air-quality-in-k-12-schools-for-the-2024-2025-academic-year/ 

³ Air Quality Considerations in Schools for the 2023-2024 School Year, Camfil, https://cleanair.camfil.us/2023/08/11/air-quality-considerations-in-schools-for-the-2023-2024-school-year/ 

⁴ How Your School’s Indoor Air Quality Affects Health and Learning, American Lung Association, https://www.lung.org/blog/schools-indoor-air-quality-faqs 

⁵ How Viruses Spread Indoors and What to Do About It, American Society of Microbiology, https://asm.org/articles/2023/november/how-viruses-spread-indoors-what-to-do-about-it 

⁶ Best Air Filters for Universities and Colleges – How This Swedish Air Filtration Company is Helping American Colleges Boost Air Quality and Safety, Camfil, https://cleanair.camfil.us/2025/01/15/best-air-filters-for-universities-and-colleges-how-this-swedish-air-filtration-company-is-helping-american-colleges-boost-air-quality-and-safety/ 

⁷ Strategies to Improve Indoor Air Quality Throughout the University Campus, Camfil, https://cleanair.camfil.us/2024/08/28/strategies-to-improve-indoor-air-quality-throughout-the-university-campus/

⁸ Overcoming Barriers to Healthy Indoor Air Quality in K-12 Schools, Camfil, https://cleanair.camfil.us/2024/06/13/overcoming-barriers-to-healthy-indoor-air-quality-in-k-12-schools/ 

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Best Air Filters for Universities and Colleges – How This Swedish Air Filtration Company is Helping American Colleges Boost Air Quality and Safety

The air you breathe impacts everything from your health to your ability to focus. For universities and colleges—where thousands of students, faculty, and staff spend most of their time and even live—air quality is more than just a comfort issue; it’s a key component of health, productivity, and safety.

Recent concerns about airborne pathogens and environmental pollutants have put a spotlight on the importance of air filtration. Poor air quality can exacerbate allergies, spread illnesses, and lower cognitive function, all of which can negatively affect academic performance and student satisfaction. Ensuring clean air in student housing, lecture halls, libraries, and gyms has become an essential safeguard for campus health and safety.

This guide explores the unique air filtration needs of academic environments, what to consider when choosing air filters, and the best products to ensure optimal air quality in universities and colleges.

Identifying University and College Air Quality Needs

The first step in choosing effective air filtration products is to identify air quality needs. Every university or college campus is unique, with varying building designs, spaces, and uses that create diverse air quality requirements.

High Traffic Areas

Thousands of students moving in and out of classrooms, cafeterias, and dormitories means that particulate matter (including dust, pathogens, and mold spores) is constantly being introduced into the air stream. This pollution is then moved around the space by both foot traffic and the HVAC system itself. Without adequate air filtration, these can circulate freely, impacting the health of everyone on campus.

Variety of Building Uses

Universities and colleges often contain a mix of residential buildings, laboratories, lecture halls, and shared recreational spaces. Laboratories may require highly specialized filtration systems for keeping chemical contaminants contained and protecting equipment, while solutions for removing mold and allergens from the air are a top priority for housing and libraries.

Large HVAC Systems

Many large academic buildings use centralized HVAC systems to manage airflow. These large systems require filters capable of handling substantial air volume while maintaining energy efficiency and performance.

Health and Safety Standards

Strict compliance with health, safety, and energy regulations adds another layer of consideration. Universities must balance effectiveness, cost, and regulatory compliance in their air filtration choices.

Geographical Considerations

Additional factors such as the rurality of the campus’ location, proximity to large roads or industrial facilities, and even how many students have brought their cars to school with them all impact an institution’s specific air filtration needs.

Key Factors in Choosing the Best Air Filters

To address the diverse air quality needs of colleges, facilities management and building coordinators need to evaluate several critical factors when selecting air filters:

1. Efficiency Ratings Matter 

Air filters are rated on their ability to trap small particles, using the MERV (Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value) system. Ideally, universities should look for a MERV rating higher than 13, and use filters labeled with a MERV-A rating,  such as MERV 13/13A. Filters with their MERV A value published indicates they will maintain that efficiency value for their entire service life.

Universities should aim for filters with a MERV-A rating between 13 and 16, as these can capture airborne particles like viruses, allergens, and bacteria without overly taxing HVAC systems.

2. Durability and Lifecycle

Frequent filter replacements can drive up costs and maintenance workload. Long-lasting filters are a smart investment, particularly for facilities with extensive HVAC systems. Ask the supplier to provide service life guarantees. 

3. Energy Consumption 

High-performance filters can sometimes increase energy consumption by restricting airflow. Look for options designed for energy efficiency without compromising filtration quality to reduce your campus’s carbon footprint and electricity bills. Ask the supplier to provide an energy cost analysis for the recommended filtration solution. 

4. Application-Specific Needs 

Filter selection should be tailored to the type of building or space and conform to local or school efficiency requirements. For example:

• Lecture Halls and Recreational Spaces:  High-traffic spaces benefit most from air filters that target particulate matter with a minimum efficiency of MERV 13.
• Classrooms and Offices:  Small, enclosed spaces should prioritize filters that help reduce the spread of communicable diseases with a minimum efficiency of MERV 14A.
• Student Housing:  Filters that reduce allergens and mold are crucial for dormitories and housing. If the HVAC system is configured to hold air filters at least 6 inches in depth, consider a minimum of MERV 14A.
• Laboratories:  Require filters capable of handling volatile or chemical contaminants, and/or filters that keep the air as pure as possible to avoid harming sensitive equipment or interfering with research results. High-efficiency filters with both particulate and molecular capabilities are a good option. HEPA filters may be required in some laboratories and research spaces.

5. Cost and Budget Considerations 

Universities operate on tight budgets, so the overall expenses—initial costs, maintenance, and operational energy costs—must be considered. Request that the filter supplier provide a campus-wide total cost of ownership report. 

Practical Tips for Maintaining Air Quality on Campus

Investing in the right air filters is essential, but ongoing maintenance and best practices are equally critical to ensuring long-term air quality. Here are key strategies:

• Regular Maintenance:  Create a robust filter replacement schedule to maintain optimal performance.
• Monitor Air Quality:  Use air quality monitors to track particulates and pollutants in real-time. 
• Optimize HVAC Systems:  Regularly inspect and clean your HVAC systems to maximize filtration efficiency. 
• Communicate with Stakeholders:  Work alongside student affairs professionals to educate staff and students about the importance of maintaining good air quality.

Recommended Air Filtration Products from Camfil

Camfil is a trusted industry leader in air filtration solutions, offering products that meet the diverse needs of universities and colleges. Here are some top picks for campus use:

• Camfil Clean Air Solutions Premium Air Filters.  High-performance, energy-efficient filters designed for large-scale HVAC systems. Available with MERV ratings up to 16 for comprehensive protection.
• Durafil ES3 Filters.  Ideal for dormitories and office buildings, these advanced filters offer high dust-holding capacity to reduce maintenance frequency.
• CC500 Air Purifier.  A portable option for smaller rooms—great for faculty offices, meeting spaces, laboratories, or locker rooms—designed for ultra-clean air quality.
• Camfil Molecular Filtration Solutions. These products are specialized for removing chemical contaminants and odors, making them excellent for laboratories and kitchens.

Facilities managers and building coordinators can rely on Camfil to meet stringent air quality standards while keeping functionality and budget in mind.

About Camfil Clean Air Solutions

For more than half a century, Camfil has been helping people breathe cleaner air. As a leading manufacturer of premium clean air solutions, we provide commercial and industrial systems for air filtration and air pollution control that improve worker and equipment productivity, minimize energy use, and benefit human health and the environment. We firmly believe that the best solutions for our customers are the best solutions for our planet, too. That’s why every step of the way – from design to delivery and across the product life cycle – we consider the impact of what we do on people and on the world around us. Through a fresh approach to problem-solving, innovative design, precise process control, and a strong customer focus we aim to conserve more, use less and find better ways – so we can all breathe easier.

The Camfil Group is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, and has 30​ manufacturing sites, six R&D centers, local sales offices in 35+ countries, and about 5,600 employees and growing. We proudly serve and support customers in a wide variety of industries and in communities across the world. To discover how Camfil USA can help you to protect people, processes and the environment, visit us at www.camfil.us/ 

 

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Media Contact: 

Lynne Laake 

Camfil USA Air Filters 

T: 888.599.6620 

E: Lynne.Laake@camfil.com

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Advancing Cleanroom Air Quality with Sustainable HVAC Filtration

Cleanrooms are critical environments designed to maintain low levels of particulates, microorganisms and other contaminants. They serve essential roles across industries such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, electronics manufacturing and healthcare. Whether you’re producing life-saving medications or microchips, even microscopic particles can cause catastrophic failures. 

Therefore, to achieve the required air purity standards, HVAC systems in cleanrooms must incorporate advanced air filtration solutions. Additionally, as sustainability becomes a central focus globally, the cleanroom industry is exploring innovative ways to balance high-performance filtration with environmental responsibility.

The Importance of HVAC Filtration in Cleanrooms

Cleanrooms operate under strict environmental controls to ensure product quality, regulatory compliance and personnel safety. Key components affecting air quality in a cleanroom include airflow management for contaminant control, pressure differentials to prevent contamination between the cleanroom and surrounding areas, and the air-change rate (ACR). 

Management of airflow uniformity is vital in cleaning pockets of air where particulates may have accumulated in greater amounts. Airflow uniformity refers to the consistent flow of filtered air in one direction, typically in a vertical flow. The ACR is the number of times in a 60-minute period that filtered air is recirculated within the cleanroom. Cleanroom ACR is dependent on factors such as size and usage, so it can range from 10 to 600 times in a 60-minute period.

Of course, air filters play a significant role in maintaining contaminant-free cleanrooms. High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters can capture a minimum of 99.97% of particles as small as 0.3 microns, making them ideal for cleanroom air management. Ultra-low penetration air (ULPA) filters remove 99.999% of particles down to 0.12 microns, offering an additional layer of protection for the most critical environments. Air filtration experts often recommend a multi-stage filtration system that includes minimum efficiency reporting value with Appendix J (MERV A) 13A filters and HEPA filters to ensure a high level of contamination control.

International Cleanroom Standard

ISO 14644-1 is an international standard that classifies the cleanliness of air in cleanrooms and controlled environments based on the concentration of airborne particles. This standard defines the classification of cleanrooms by particle concentration, using units of particles per cubic meter. Classifications range from ISO Class 1 (the cleanest) to ISO Class 9 (the least clean). For example, natural air in a typical urban environment contains about 35 million particles that are .5 microns or larger in size, per cubic meter. Air of this quality would be allowed in an ISO class 9 environment. In an ISO class 1 environment, there must be 0 particles of .5 microns or larger and only 12 particles of .3 microns and smaller, per cubic meter.

This standard was first published in 1999 and revised in 2015. In 2001, the international ISO 14644-1 standard officially superseded the Federal Standard 209E, which was widely used in the U.S. 

ASHRAE Cleanroom Design Guidance 

The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) publishes a design guide for cleanrooms. While absolute non-contamination is unattainable, cleanrooms can be engineered, managed and maintained to meet precise indoor air cleanliness standards tailored to specific process needs. 

The ASHRAE Design Guide for Cleanrooms provides an in-depth resource on cleanroom concepts, fundamentals, performance control strategies, testing methods and industrial applications. Designed for accessibility, it serves as a technical reference for cleanroom designers, builders, owners and operators.

Solutions for Sustainable Air Filtration

Balancing sustainability with cleanroom requirements poses unique challenges because, despite the importance of high-performance air filtration, it comes at a cost—energy consumption. Over time, as air filters collect particles, their resistance increases, placing additional strain on the HVAC system. 

Innovations in filter technology help to tackle these challenges. These advanced filters feature longer lifespans and are designed to reduce pressure drop, enabling efficient airflow and lowering energy costs while ensuring clean air quality.

In addition, cleanrooms rely on multi-stage HVAC systems to meet stringent air quality requirements. These systems use a tiered filtration approach, with pre-filters serving as the first line of defense. Pre-filters capture larger particulates before air reaches the more efficient secondary and final filters, such as HEPA and ULPA filters.

By intercepting large contaminants early, pre-filters reduce the workload on downstream filters, which are designed to capture ultra-fine particles. Protecting these high-efficiency filters from excessive exposure to larger particulates is critical, as clogging or damage can compromise their performance, shorten their lifespan, and lead to more frequent replacements—resulting in higher operational costs and increased downtime.

Pre-filtration is essential for extending the life of high-quality filters, minimizing maintenance expenses, and ensuring the smooth operation of HVAC systems. By safeguarding downstream filters, pre-filters also help maintain consistent airflow, enhance overall system performance, and reduce energy consumption.

Camfil’s Commitment to Cleanroom Excellence
Camfil’s cleanroom filtration solutions are designed to combine cutting-edge technology, durability and energy efficiency. In particular, Camfil’s Megalam ES and Absolute VG air filters stand out for their ability to ensure air quality that meets or exceeds industry requirements while optimizing operational costs.

Camfil’s Megalam ES HEPA panel filters offer a long lifespan while maintaining airflow and efficiency. These filters are engineered to reduce airflow resistance and pressure drop, which lowers energy consumption and enables facilities to maintain clean air without excessive operational costs. They are made with durable ePTFE media, are resistant to damage during shipping and installation, reducing the risk of compromised filters and avoiding costly downtime.

Camfil’s Absolute VG V-bank style HEPA filters feature advanced media designed to achieve high-efficiency particulate capture while minimizing airflow resistance. This design reduces the strain on HVAC systems, enabling facilities to meet stringent air quality standards for regulatory compliance while keeping energy consumption and costs under control.

With an extended service life, Absolute VG air filters further enhance energy efficiency by decreasing the need for frequent replacements. This not only reduces operational costs but also minimizes interruptions to production. Their ability to maintain superior filtration performance over time makes them an ideal choice for cleanroom environments where reliable HEPA filtration is essential.

The Future of Cleanroom Air Filtration

As industries grow increasingly reliant on cleanroom environments, the demand for reliable energy-efficient and reliable air filtration solutions will escalate. Camfil is leading the charge by continually refining its products to address emerging challenges. With a focus on sustainability, Camfil ensures that future offerings will not only enhance air quality but also align with environmental and energy-saving goals.

For more information about Camfil’s high-efficiency air filtration solutions, visit https://www.camfil.com/en-us/. 

 

¹ Providing a more effective cleanroom air filtration strategy, https://cleanair.camfil.us/2016/11/11/air-filtration-update-from-camfil-usa-federal-guidelines-for-cleanrooms-may-help-provide-a-more-effective-air-filtration-strategy/

² ISO 14644-1:2015, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments, https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14644:-1:ed-2:v1:en

³ A Look Inside Life Science Cleanrooms,   https://cleanair.camfil.us/2016/09/12/a-look-inside-life-science-cleanrooms-by-air-filtration-leader-camfil-usa/

⁴ ASHRAE Design Guide for Cleanrooms,  https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/bookstore/ashrae-design-guide-for-cleanrooms

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